Danya Request for OMB Extension (0925-0542) SSB 12 22 08 (2)

Supporting Statement B for

Brain Power! The NIDA Junior Scientist Program and the Companion Program, Brain Power! Challenge (BP)

Extension of Currently Approved Collection

OMB Control No. 0925-0542

Contract Number 263-01-D-0188, NICS 117

Prepared by:

Danya International Inc.

8737 Colesville Road, Suite 1100

Silver Spring MD 20910

Submitted by:

Cathrine Sasek, Ph.D., Project Officer

National Institute on Drug Abuse

National Institutes of Health

6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 5230

Rockville, MD 20892

Phone: (301) 443-6071

Fax: (301) 443-6277

Email: csasek@nih.gov

Submission Date: December 22, 2008

Table of contents

B. COLLECTIONS OF INFORMATION EMPLOYING STATISTICAL METHODS 2

B.1 Respondent Universe and Sampling Methods 2

B.2 Procedures for the Collection of Information 2

B.3 Methods to Maximize Response Rates and Deal with Non-response 5

B.4 Test of Procedures or Methods to be Undertaken 5

B.5 Individuals Consulted on Statistical Aspects and Individuals Collecting

and/or Analyzing Data…………………………………………………………………..6

List of Attachments:

Attachment 1: Form A: Interview Protocol for K–1, Knowledge

Attachment 2: Form B: Interview Protocol for K–1, Attitudes

Attachment 3: Form C: Knowledge Questionnaire, Grades 2–3

Attachment 4: Form D: Attitude Questionnaire, Grades 2–3

Attachment 5: Form E: Knowledge Questionnaire, Grades 4–5

Attachment 6: Form F: Attitude Questionnaire, Grades 4–5

Attachment 7: Form G: Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire, Grades 6–9

Attachment 8: Form H: Survey for Grade K–1 Treatment Group Teachers

Attachment 9: Form I: Survey for Grade K–1 Control Group Teachers

Attachment 10: Form J: Survey for Grade 2–3 Treatment Group Teachers

Attachment 11: Form K: Survey for Grade 2–3 Control Group Teachers

Attachment 12: Form L: Survey for Grade 4–5 Treatment Group Teachers

Attachment 13: Form M: Survey for Grade 4–5 Control Group Teachers

Attachment 14: Form N: Survey for Grade 6–9 Treatment Group Teachers

Attachment 15: Form O: Survey for Grade 6–9 Control Group Teachers

Attachment 16: Form P: Classroom Observation Protocol for Lesson Modules in Grades 2-8

Attachment 17: Form Q: Online Survey for Teachers

Attachment 18: Form R: Middle Grades 6–9 Online Survey for Teachers

Attachment 19: Form S: Parents of Students in Grades K-8, Parent Feedback Postcard

Attachment 20: Form T: Parents of Students in Grades 2-8, Protocol for Parent Interviews

B. COLLECTIONS OF INFORMATION EMPLOYING STATISTICAL METHODS

B.1 Respondent Universe and Sampling Methods

DeHavilland Associates will be responsible for recruiting participating schools. Participating schools will be recruited from the population of elementary and middle schools located in the Washington, DC; Atlanta, Georgia; and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, metropolitan areas. These areas were chosen primarily because each area is socioeconomically, racially, and ethnically diverse, thus providing an ideal population in which to conduct behavioral research.

B.2 Procedures for the Collection of Information

Given the demographic characteristics of the population within the recruitment areas, it is anticipated that a diverse sample of children will participate in the study. To ensure that group assignment is evenly distributed across socioeconomically, racially, and ethnically diverse communities, a stratified random assignment procedure will be used, in which schools willing to participate in the study are stratified on two factors: (1) percent of free and reduced-price lunches reported; and (2) standardized science test scores by school. Classrooms will be matched according to these two factors so that treatment and control groups are comparable at baseline prior to the implementation of the curriculum. Within these schools, one classroom at each selected grade level will be assigned to the Treatment group and one to the Control group. No data for this study will be collected by race or ethnicity, and no consenting persons or families will be excluded on the basis of race or ethnicity.

By using the within-school sampling procedure, factors associated with willingness to participate will not differ between the Treatment and Control groups. While seeking volunteers limits generalizing the findings to some extent, it is a practical constraint that must be respected, and such a limitation is acceptable in initial-outcome evaluations such as the one proposed.

It is estimated that the total student sample will comprise 250 students in grades K through 5 and 250 students in grades 6 through 9. The estimated total teacher sample will comprise 125 teachers. The choice of sample size is informed by power analysis. According to Cohen (1988), the power of a statistical test is the probability that it will yield statistically significant results. In other words, the higher the power coefficient, the less likely it is that one will accept a false hypothesis. The calculation of power coefficients depends on a number of factors: the within-cluster sample size, total number of clusters, effect size, intracluster correlation and variance. Under the assumption of medium effect size (0.20), the sample size has the power of 0.61, and with high effect size (0.50), the power is 0.99.

Immediately following OMB approval, the needed paperwork requesting permission to conduct this study in the participating schools will be submitted. Upon approval, principals in all participating elementary schools will be sent a preliminary recruitment letter inviting their schools to participate in an assessment of the Brain Power! curricula in their classrooms; a stamped and addressed “interest in participation” form will be included with the letter. Principals who return the form indicating an interest in participating will be sent a second letter with more detailed information about the project and the requirements of participation, including information about the within-school assignment approach and the fact that not all schools wishing to be included in the study can be accommodated. Principals will then be informed of classroom assignments, and materials describing the overall study and its approach will be prepared for them to share with teachers. Should the principals desire, project staff will attend a teachers meeting to explain the study in person and answer any questions that may arise. The Brain Power! curricula will be offered to all participating schools free of charge.

Letters will be sent home to parents of students in the participating classrooms, describing the study and the data that will be collected to evaluate the efficacy of the curricula. Parents will be instructed to read and sign letters of consent before the first scheduled time of data collection. Letters of assent will be obtained from children at the first time of data collection. Only children with signed parental consent forms and signed assents will be allowed to participate in the study.

The following information will be collected from students before and after exposure to the curriculum: knowledge about the biology of the brain and the neurobiology of drug addiction; knowledge about drugs and drug addiction; attitudes toward science and scientists; understanding of scientific careers and the diversity of individuals who pursue science as a career; attitudes towards drug use; and intentions to use drugs. Data will also be collected in the evaluation from parents and teachers of children. Self-report measures have been developed to collect these data in the least time-intensive manner possible. Trained evaluators from Westat will collect all data from respondents in person. Table 7 below lists the questionnaires that will be used in this study.

Table 7. Brain Power! Study Instruments

Form	Study Instrument
Form A	Knowledge Questionnaire, Grades 2–3
Form B	Attitude Questionnaire, Grades 2–3
Form C	Interview protocol for K–1, Knowledge
Form D	Interview protocol for K–1, Attitudes
Form E	Knowledge Questionnaire, Grades 4–5
Form F	Attitude Questionnaire, Grades 4–5
Form G	Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire, Grades 6–9
Form H	Survey for Grade 2–3 Treatment Group Teachers
Form I	Survey for Grade 2–3 Control Group Teachers
Form J	Survey for Grade K–1 Treatment Group Teachers
Form K	Survey for Grade K–1 Control Group Teachers
Form L	Survey for Grade 4–5 Treatment Group Teachers
Form M	Survey for Grade 4–5 Control Group Teachers
Form N	Survey for Grade 6–9 Treatment Group Teachers
Form O	Survey for Grade 6–9 Control Group Teachers
Form P	Classroom observation protocol for Brain Power! Lesson Modules
Form Q	Online Survey for Grade K–5 Teachers
Form R	Online Survey for Grade 6–9 Teachers
Form S	Parent Feedback Postcard
Form T	Protocol for Parent Interviews for Brain Power! Study

B.3 Methods to Maximize Response Rates and Deal with Nonresponse

All assessments will take place in the classrooms and will be conducted by the research team, which will enhance the likelihood of achieving very high response rates. The only factors that will diminish response rates will be refusal of parents to provide consent or extended student absence. An attrition rate of less than 5 percent is expected, based on the attrition rate for similar studies previously conducted in school settings by Danya. In an effort to encourage full participation, project staff will work closely with schools and parents to alleviate any concerns that may arise about this project.

B.4 Test of Procedures or Methods to be Undertaken

All questionnaires designed by Westat researchers to be used in the project (see Section A.2) have been pilot tested with a small sample (N = 9) of appropriate-age children from the four cohort groups included in the study design (i.e., grades K-2; Grades 2-3; Grades 4-5; and Grades 6-9) to determine the readability of these measures, as well as to ensure that neither a ceiling nor basement effect exists. Based on the results of the pilot test no ceiling/basement effects were determined to be evident on any of the instruments. In some instances specific questionnaire items were revised based on results to ensure that all questions used in the study were appropriate and understandable for use with children within the age range of the cohort groups who will participate in the study. The reading level of all instruments has been assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and all instruments have received measures that ensure grade-level appropriate readability. All instruments have been determined to be ready for use in conducting data collection as described Section A.2.

B.5 Individuals Consulted on Statistical Aspects and Individuals Collecting and/or Analyzing Data

To control for potential researcher bias, Danya has subcontracted with Westat to conduct data collection and analysis for this project. Westat is a social-science research firm located in Rockville, Maryland, with extensive experience in program assessment. Westat employs a large group of senior scientists with the skills needed to develop the assessment instruments, design and select the sample, collect and analyze the data, and provide a summary of results. Westat has worked hand in hand with a variety of Federal agencies to collect scientific data that can be used to provide a sound, rigorous evaluation. Westat will work with Danya as a collegial but independent agent to provide an assessment of the extent to which the curricula are successful in achieving their primary and secondary purposes.

Danya Project Manager:

Debra K. Dekker, Ph.D.
Sr. Evaluation Specialist
8737 Colesville Road, Suite 1100
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 960-2962

ddekker@danya.com

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