Supporting_Statement Reg AC 2024 DGL REVISED

SUPPORTING STATEMENT
for the Paperwork Reduction Act Information Collection Submission for
Regulation AC
OMB Control No. 3235-0575
A. JUSTIFICATION
1. Necessity of Information Collection
In 1999, the Commission and Congress closely examined research analysts’ conflicts of
interest. There was particular concern that many investors who rely on analysts’
recommendations may not know, among other things, that favorable research coverage
could be used to market the investment banking services provided by an analyst’s firm,
and that an analyst’s compensation may be based significantly on generating investment
banking business. Moreover, news reports stated that some analysts had issued reports
that did not reflect their true beliefs and communicated to institutional investors views
that differed materially from those expressed in their research reports.
Regulation AC is intended to address these issues. It complements other rules governing
conflicts of interest disclosure by research analysts, including NYSE Rule 472, FINRA
Rules 2241 and 2242, and the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities law.
Regulation AC requires that research reports published, circulated, or provided by a
broker or dealer or covered person contain a statement attesting that the views expressed
in each research report accurately reflect the analyst’s personal views and whether or not
the research analyst received or will receive any compensation in connection with the
views or recommendations expressed in the research report. Regulation AC also requires
broker-dealers to, on a quarterly basis, maintain records of research analyst statements
regarding whether the views expressed in public appearances accurately reflected the
analyst’s personal views, and whether any part of the analyst’s compensation is related to
the specific recommendations or views expressed in the public appearance. Regulation
AC also requires that research prepared by foreign persons be presented to U.S. persons
pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 15a-6 and that broker-dealers notify associated
persons if they would be covered by the regulation. Regulation AC excludes the news
media from its coverage.
2. Purpose and Use of Information Collection
Regulation AC focuses on core issues of analysts’ integrity, their beliefs in their
recommendations and the influence of compensation on their recommendations. It is
important for an investor to know whether an analyst may be biased with respect to
securities or issuers that are the subject of a research report. Further, in evaluating a
research report, it is reasonable for an investor to want to know about an analyst’s
compensation. The information collections of Regulation AC further these purposes by
making disclosures of these issues to investors. Without the information collection, the
purposes of Regulation AC could not be met.

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3. Consideration Given to Information Technology
The Commission is not aware of any technical obstacles to reducing the burden through the
use of improved information technology.
4. Duplication
The information required by Regulation AC does not duplicate that required by any other
federal regulation.
5. Effect on Small Entities
Regulation AC’s requirements are closely related to information, procedures, and
disclosures required by existing SRO rules, which apply to both large and small brokerdealers that publish or circulate research reports. The Commission believes that the
requirements of Regulation AC are not unduly burdensome on small entities.
6. Consequences of Not Conducting Collection
Failing to collect this information would deprive investors of important information
regarding whether an analyst potentially is biased with respect to securities or issuers that
are the subject of each research report or public appearance, as well as information
regarding an analyst’s compensation with respect to recommendations or views expressed in
each research report or public appearance. Regulation AC is reasonably designed to prevent
acts and practices that are fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative.
7. Inconsistencies With Guidelines in 5 CFR 1320.5(d)(2)
There are no special circumstances. This collection is consistent with the guidelines in 5
CFR 1320.5(d)(2).
8. Consultations Outside the Agency
The required Federal Register notice with a 60-day comment period soliciting comments on
this collection of information was published. No public comments were received.
9. Payment or Gift
Not applicable.
10. Confidentiality
No assurance of confidentiality is provided.

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11. Sensitive Questions
The Information Collection does not collect information about individuals, therefore, a PIA,
SORN, and PAS are not required.

12. Information Collection Burden
a.

Certifications of Research Reports

The Commission believes that the average amount of time it takes a broker-dealer to
include the required certifications and disclosures in each research report is one minute
per report. The Commission estimates that approximately 3,388 broker-dealers publish a
total of approximately 847,000 research reports per year (an average of 250 reports per
broker-dealer). Therefore, the Commission estimates that the total annual burden in
hours for all broker-dealers to comply with the research report certification and disclosure
requirements is approximately 14,117 hours per year [(1 minute x 847,000 reports) / 60
minutes]. The Commission estimates that the hourly pay rate for a research analyst in
2022 is approximately $549 per hour. 1 Therefore, the Commission estimates that the
total annual internal cost of compliance for broker-dealers to comply with the research
report certification and disclosure requirements is approximately $7,750,233 per year
[14,117 hours x $549].
Rule 501 of Regulation AC, which applies to research reports, may also impose
requirements on certain entities if they are associated with a broker-dealer and meet the
definition of “covered person.” The Commission estimates that approximately 2,458
SEC registered investment advisers are associated with a broker-dealer. 2 The
Commission believes that not all of these entities write research reports, and that those
who do write research reports write relatively few. Of those investment advisers that are
associated with a broker-dealer and that write research reports, we do not believe that all
of them will meet the definition of a “covered person.” As a conservative estimate,
however, if all SEC registered investment advisers are covered persons and on average
publish as many research reports per year as the average broker-dealer (250 research
reports), the estimated total number of research reports published by SEC registered
investment advisers who are associated with a broker-dealer is approximately 614,500
[250 x 2,458]. Therefore, the Commission estimates that the total annual analyst
certification burden in hours for these investment advisers is approximately 10,242 hours
[(1 minute x 614,500 research reports) / 60 minutes]. The Commission estimates that the
annual internal cost of compliance associated with the research report certification and

1
The $549/hour figure for a research analyst is from SIFMA’s Management & Professional Earnings in the
Securities Industry 2013, modified by Commission staff to account for an 1800-hour work-year and inflation, and
multiplied by 5.35 to account for bonuses, firm size, employee benefits and overhead.
2
Data from Form ADV filings received through June 30, 2024, showed that, as of March 2024, there were 2,458
SEC-registered investment advisers associated with a broker-dealer.

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disclosure requirements for SEC registered investment advisers is approximately
$5,622,858 per year [10,242 hours x $549].
Therefore, the total annual number of responses for the research report certification and
disclosure requirements is approximately 1,461,500 [847,000 research reports per year
published by broker-dealers + 614,500 research reports per year published by SEC
registered investment advisers who are associated with a broker-dealer]. The total annual
burden in hours of complying with the research report certification and disclosure
requirements is approximately 24,359 hours [14,117 hours for broker-dealer compliance
+ 10,242 hours for “covered person” compliance]. This burden is a reporting burden.
The total annual internal cost of compliance associated with the research report
certification and disclosure requirements is approximately $13,373,091 [$7,750,233 for
broker-dealer compliance + $5,622,858 for “covered person” compliance].
b.

Quarterly Statements on Public Appearances

The Commission estimates that 5,872 research analysts are employed in the U.S. and that
the average amount of time it takes a research analyst to prepare the quarterly statements
regarding public appearances is ten minutes per analyst. The Commission believes that,
on average, approximately 19,084 public appearances by research analysts occur per
quarter, or about 76,336 appearances per year (an average of approximately 13
appearances per analyst). The Commission believes that using the total number of
persons who hold active FINRA research analyst licenses to estimate the number of
research analysts who might have to make quarterly statements on public appearances
overestimates the number of potential respondents. However, the Commission is taking a
conservative approach to its cost estimates; with those qualifications, the Commission
estimates that the total annual burden in hours of complying with the quarterly statements
on public appearances requirement is approximately 12,723 hours per year [(10 minutes x
76,336 appearances) / 60 minutes]. This is a recordkeeping burden. The Commission
estimates that the total annual internal cost of compliance associated with the quarterly
statements on public appearances requirement is approximately $6,984,927 [12,723 hours
x $549].
c.

Notifications of Associated Persons

Rule 504 of Regulation AC requires a broker-dealer to notify its associated persons that
issue research reports as to whether associated persons would meet the definition of
“covered persons” under Regulation AC, and therefore, be subject to the rule. For PRA
purposes, the below calculations represent the Commission’s estimates of the amount of
time that would be required for broker-dealers to comply with Rule 504. The
Commission estimates that there are approximately 2,458 investment advisers that are
associated with at least one broker-dealer. The Commission estimates that it takes
approximately one hour per year for each of the approximately 2,458 broker-dealers that
have associated investment advisers to determine whether it maintains and enforces

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written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the broker or dealer or
any of its controlling persons, officers, or employees from influencing the activities of
research analysts and the content of research reports prepared by associated persons. The
Commission estimates that it takes approximately thirty minutes per year for each brokerdealer to determine whether its associated persons have any officers or employees in
common with the broker or dealer who can influence the activities of research analysts or
the content of research reports and, if so, the identity of those persons. The Commission
estimates that it takes fifteen minutes per year for each broker-dealer to draft and provide
the required notification to its associated persons. Therefore, the Commission estimates
that the annual burden for broker-dealers of complying with the notifications of
associated persons requirement is approximately 4,302 hours [(2,458 x 105 minutes) /
60]. This is a third-party disclosure burden. The Commission expects that a compliance
officer will likely be the employee primarily charged with making the necessary
determinations, and drafting and providing the required notification. The Commission
estimates that the hourly pay rate for a chief compliance officer in 2022 is approximately
$589 per hour.3 The Commission estimates that the annual internal cost of compliance
associated with the notifications of associated persons requirement in dollars would be
approximately $2,533,878 [4,302 hours x $589].
d.

Total Reporting Burden

The Commission estimates that the total annual number of respondents is approximately
5,872 [estimated number of research analysts employed in the U.S.]. 4 The Commission
estimates that the total annual number of responses is approximately 1,540,294
[1,461,500 responses for the research report certification and disclosure requirements +
76,336 responses for the quarterly statements on public appearances requirement + 2,458
responses for the notifications of associated persons requirement].
The Commission estimates that the regulation results in a total annual burden of
approximately 41,384 hours [24,359 hours for the certifications of research reports
requirements + 12,723 hours for the quarterly statements on public appearances
requirement + 4,302 hours for the notifications of associated persons requirement].
Therefore, the Commission estimates that the regulation results in a total annual internal
cost of compliance of approximately $22,891,896 [$13,373,091 for the certifications of
research reports requirements + $6,984,927 for the quarterly statements on public
appearances requirement + $2,533,878 for the notifications of associated persons
requirement].
The $589/hour figure for a compliance officer is from SIFMA’s Management & Professional Earnings in the
Securities Industry 2013, modified by Commission staff to account for an 1800-hour work-year and inflation, and
multiplied by 5.35 to account for bonuses, firm size, employee benefits and overhead.
4
The Commission has used the total number of research analysts estimated to be employed in the U.S. to estimate
the total number of respondents under the rules. This figure serves as the best indicator of the total number of
respondents since the event triggering Regulation AC responsibilities, the creation of research reports, is performed
by research analysts.
3

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Summary of Hourly Burdens
Regulation
AC

Burden Type

Certifications
of Research
Reports
Quarterly
Statements on
Public
Appearances
Notifications
of Associated
Persons

Reporting

Number of
Number of
Time Per Total Burden
Respondents Annual
Response Per Burden
Reponses
(Min)
Type (Hours)
Per
Respondent
5,846
250
1
24,359

Recordkeeping

5,872

13

10

12,723

Third-party
disclosure

2,458

1

105

4,302

Total Aggregate Burden

41,384

13. Costs to Respondents
Not applicable; (a) it is not anticipated that respondents will have to incur any capital and
start-up costs to comply with Regulation AC; (b) it is not anticipated that the respondents
will have to incur any additional operational or maintenance costs to comply with the
rule.
14. Costs to Federal Government
The government does not experience significant costs based on the recordkeeping required
pursuant to Regulation AC. The information collected by the respondents may be reviewed
only pursuant to an investigation, not as a matter of routine.
15. Changes in Burden
The increase in the estimated annual hour burden from 40,806 hours per year to 41,384
hours per year reflects a decrease in the Commission’s estimate of the number of brokerdealers ( from 3,551 to 3,388), an increase in the estimate of the number of investment
analysts (from 5,538 to 5,872), an increase in the estimate of the number of registered
investment advisers associated with a broker-dealer (from 2,368 to 2,458), and a decrease in
the total annual number of responses from 1,554,112 to 1,540,294.

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16. Information Collection Planned for Statistical Purposes
Not applicable. The information collection is not used for statistical purposes.
17. Approval to Omit OMB Expiration Date
The Commission is not seeking approval to omit the expiration date.
18. Exceptions to Certification for Paperwork Reduction Act Submissions
This collection complies with the requirements in 5 CFR 1320.9.
B. COLLECTIONS OF INFORMATION EMPLOYING STATISTICAL METHODS
This collection does not involve statistical methods.