Instrument C: Community-Based Organizations Guide (Interviews)

OMB Approval No.: xxxx-xxxx

Expiration Date: xx/xx/xxxx

COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS

INTERVIEW GUIDE

Introduction/Informed Consent for Community-based Organizations

Before we begin, I want to tell you a few things about this study and your participation. Please feel free to ask me any questions you might have.

My name is _______________ and I’m a researcher from the Urban Institute (Urban), a non-profit research organization located in Washington, DC. With me today is [name].

The Administration for Children and Families’ (ACF) Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation (ACF/OPRE) has contracted with Urban to conduct a study of COVID-19 changes to TANF policy and practice in [STATE]. The study is not an audit or evaluation of any program. Rather, the purpose of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of how COVID-19 related changes to TANF policy and practice were implemented in one state, and how those changes were experienced by TANF recipients from different racial and ethnic groups.

As part of this process, we are talking with a small number of program partners, providers, and staff. We would like to speak with you to better understand the work you do, and specifics about the structure and implementation of your programming or services.

You can expect this discussion to last no more than 60 minutes, although we may want to contact you following the discussion to request clarification. Your participation in the study is completely voluntary. You can choose not to participate, skip any questions you would prefer not to answer, or end the discussion at any time without penalty.

Though we take notes and may – with your permission – record this conversation, information is never shared outside of our research team that identifies you or any other people we interview by name. When we write our reports and discuss our findings, we present information aggregated from across our discussions in order to shield the identities of individual people. However, if you are in a position that makes it so that you are the only person who could know a certain piece of information, it is possible someone reading a report might infer the source of the information. We make every effort to avoid this, but you should be aware of the possibility.

Everyone who works on this study has signed a Staff Confidentiality Pledge prohibiting disclosure of anything you say during the discussion that would allow someone outside the study team to identify you.

[IF VIRTUAL] But, please understand that given technical limitations with zoom and similar internet platforms, we cannot guarantee the confidentiality of what might be said. Also, we ask that you please participate in a private setting away from earshot or viewing by other people to include family members. 

[IF VIRTUAL OR IN-PERSON] The risks associated with participating in this discussion are minimal. This discussion will be focused on your role, and you will not be asked to disclose any personal or sensitive information. We hope you will speak frankly about your work and perspectives, which we understand can be sensitive information that could impose risks if revealed. We want to assure you that we will make every effort to protect the privacy of the information you share.

Program partners and community-based organizations will receive no direct benefits for participating in the study. However, there is the opportunity to inform [state TANF office] on how to identify and mitigate potential racial and ethnic disparities in their programs in the future.

If you are comfortable, we would also like to record the conversation. The recordings being made are only for our own notes and will be destroyed at the termination of the project. We also ask that you refrain from sharing anything we discuss today with others outside this interview to help us ensure your privacy.

DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STUDY?

DO YOU AGREE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STUDY?

DO YOU AGREE TO BE RECORDED?

If you have questions or concerns about the study, please contact: Marla McDaniel, Urban Institute, 202-261-5678, mmcdaniel@urban.org

If you agree to participate in this study and feel that your rights have been violated or that you have not been treated fairly, contact: Office of Human Research Protections, The Urban Institute, 500 L’Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, DC 20024 / (202-261-5632)

An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control number for the described information collection is XXXX-XXXX and it expires XX/XX/XXXX.

1. Background and Context

1. Please describe your organization and your role. (Probe: What is your job title? How long have you held this role? Listen for before/during the pandemic.)

2. What is your organization’s relationship with the TANF program and the Department of Social Services? (Probe: Formal and informal partnerships, knowledge of TANF program)

3. We’ll be getting into specifics shortly, but first I wanted to ask, could you give us a general sense of the demographics of people who need assistance in this area (e.g. race, age, household structure, etc.)

4. Is there anything about local conditions or [LOCAL AREA] generally that is important for us to know to really understand how TANF works here and how local communities generally view TANF?

2. Requirement Changes and Virtual Services During COVID-19 Pandemic

I would like to ask some questions about challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes to the TANF program, and your perspectives.

1. In your experience, how has demand for cash assistance and workforce services in [LOCAL AREA] changed over the course of the pandemic?

2. What changes to the TANF program have you seen or heard of due to COVID-19? (Probe: Knowledge of implementation, local successes or challenges)

3. If aware of changes: Have you been aware how people eligible for TANF have responded to those changes? Have some recipients had a harder or easier time with the change? (Probe: Reasons for challenges, differences by race and ethnicity)

3. Capacity and Fairness of the TANF Program

Now I would like to turn now to some questions about the TANF program and its capacity to meet families’ needs.

1. Do you think the program is generally fair and available to all who need it?

2. Are there some people who have a harder time getting and receiving services than others? (If yes: Who has a harder time, in your experience?)

3. What kinds of circumstances might make it harder for some to get and keep TANF?

4. Do you think people of different races and ethnicities have similar or different experiences in [STATE] on TANF?

   1. If different, have you observed any differences, and can you give me an example of what you’ve seen?

      1. Why do you think that difference is happening?

5. When you think of families needing TANF in [STATE], do you tend to see differences in the types of needs or the level of needs for families of different races? What are some of the differences you’ve seen?

   1. If you see differences, in your opinion how well does the TANF program respond to those differences?

      1. If not as well as it should, what do you think are some of the challenges? What solutions would you recommend, if any?

4. Wrap-Up

Thank you so much for taking the time to share this information with us. We sincerely hope that this study can be useful to you. Before we finish, we would like to hear what you would most like others to know about your experiences with TANF during the COVID-19 pandemic and virtual services and what you might like to learn from our study when it is completed.

1. Is there anything you may immediately think of that you would most like to learn from this study when it is finished?

Is there anything else you would like to share with us?