Survey Measures Table

Measure

Background

Demographics

We requested several demographic items,
including age, marital status, gender identity,
racial identity, ethnicity, and sexual experience.
Stang et al. (2013) used the Sexual Strategies
Scale (SSS; Peterson et al., 2010) in a study that
examines an individual's use of sexual coercion
and aggression. The SSS measures the range of
tactics used to obtain sex from an unwilling
target.

Sexual
Strategies
Scale

Item
Count
6
23

Illinois Rape
Myth
Acceptance
Scale

Note: We have modified this scale to include
gender neutral language. We have also included
one item regarding penetration.
The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance
Scale (IRMAS; McMahon & Farmer, 2011) is a
widely-used tool for measuring rape myth
acceptance.

Sexual Social
Norms
Inventory

The Sexual Social Norms Inventory (Bruner,
2002) examines normative attitudes and
behaviors related to sexual assault.

Alcohol and
Sexual
Behaviors

This brief, self-report measure is used to assess
8
past sexual experiences that occurred
subsequent to alcohol consumption, as well as
future intentions for use of alcohol before sexual
activity.
The Stages of Change Scale (Banyard et al,
9
2005) was based on Prochaska and
DiClemente’s Transtheoretical Model of health
behavior change (Grimley et al., 1994) and is
used to evaluate whether the sexual assault
prevention program works differently for people

Stages of
Change

Reference
N/A

Peterson, Z. D., Janssen, E., Heiman, J. R., Goodrich, D., Thigpen,
J., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). Sexual Strategies Scale.
PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t61059-000

22

McMahon, S., & Farmer, G. L. (2011). An updated measure for
assessing subtle rape myths. Social Work Research, 35(2), 71-81.

31

Bruner, J.B. (2002). Measuring rape-supportive attitudes,
behaviors, and perceived peer norms among college students:
Validation of a social norms survey (Unpublished doctoral
dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Greeley.
Corbin, W. R., Bernat, J. A., Calhoun, K. S., McNair, L. D., &
Seals, K. L. (2001). Alcohol and Sexual Behavior
Scale. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t15227-000
Banyard, V. L., Plante, E. G., & Moynihan, M. M. (2005). Stages
of Change Scale. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t15227-000

Intentions to
Intervene with
Peers

Bystander
Efficacy Scale

Daily
Drinking
Questionnaire

Sexual History

at different stages of readiness to change their
behavior in relation to preventing sexual assault.
The Intentions to Intervene with Peers measure
(Miller et al, 2012) was developed to measure
likelihood of an individual to intervene when
witnessing a peer engage in common abusive
behaviors.
Note: We have modified this scale to include
gender neutral language.
The Bystander Efficacy Scale (Banyard, Plante,
& Moynihan, 2002, 2005) was developed for a
project that evaluated the effectiveness of a
sexual violence prevention program based on
preventing antecedents to sexual violence by
increasing prosocial bystander behavior. On this
measure, participants are asked to indicate their
confidence, on an 11-point scale, in performing
each of 14 bystander behaviors (e.g., "How
confident are you that you could ask a stranger
who looks very upset at a party if they are ok or
need help?").
The Daily Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ;
Collins et. al, 1985) is a shortened version of the
Drinking Practices Questionnaire (DPQ;
Cahalan et. al, 1969), developed to measure
volume, quantity, and frequency of alcohol
consumption.
This measure includes 2 items asking about
sexual history, specifically history of sexual
intercourse and what percent of sexual assaults
are false reports. We have asked about these
questions in previous research; however, these
items are generated for the purpose of this
study.

12

Miller, E., Tancredi, D. J., McCauley, H. L., Decker, M. R.,
Virata, M. C., Anderson, H. A., Stetkevich, N., Brown, E. W.,
Moideen, F., & Silverman, J. G. (2012). "Coaching boys into
men": a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a dating violence
prevention program. The journal of adolescent health: official
publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 51(5), 431–
438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.01.018

20

Banyard, V. L., Plante, E. G., & Moynihan, M. M. (2005).
Bystander Efficacy Scale. PsycTESTS.
https://doi.org/10.1037/t42713-000

7

Collins, R. L., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Daily
Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ). PsycTESTS.
https://doi.org/10.1037/t02146-000

2

N/A

Sexual
Experiences
Survey –
Victimization

Sexual Assault
Likelihood

Injunctive
Drinking
Behaviors
Scale

The Sexual Experiences Survey Short Form
Victimization (SES-SFV) is a condensed
version of the SES Long Form Victimization in
assessing victimization of unwanted sexual
experiences. It is widely used to measure
victimization experiences.

10

Note: We have adapted the survey to indicate
time since joining the military for the
population.
This measure was created to provide
19
personalized feedback on how likely the
individual would be to intervene while sober
and drinking, so it is not a standardized
measure.
The Injunctive Drinking Behaviors Scale (Lewis 15
et al., 2010) was created to assess injunctive
normative perceptions for less and more severe
drinking behaviors among undergraduate
college students.

Koss, M. P., Abbey, A., Campbell, R., Cook, S., Norris, J., Testa,
M., Ullman, S., West, C., & White, J. (2007). Revising the SES: A
collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression
and victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(4), 357–
370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x

Gilmore, A. K., Lewis, M. A., & George, W. H. (2015). A
randomized controlled trial targeting alcohol use and sexual
assault risk among college women at high risk for victimization.
Behaviour research and therapy, 74, 38–49.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.007
Lewis, M. A., Neighbors, C., Geisner, I. M., Lee, C. M., Kilmer, J.
R., & Atkins, D. C. (2010). Injunctive Drinking Behaviors Scale.
PsyTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t03959-000

Patient Health The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) is
Questionnaire- a 2-item measure of frequency of depressed
mood.
2

2

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., & Williams, J.B. (2003) The Patient
Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item Depression
Screener. Medical Care, 41, 1284-92.

The RAND Short Form Sexual Harassment
Scale is a 5-item measure that assess
individuals’ exposure to sexual harassment in a
military environment.

5

Schell, T. L., Cefalu, M. & Morral, A. R. (2019) Development of a
short form measure of sexual harassment risk in the military:
Findings from the RAND Military Workplace Study. Santa
Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2019.
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2031.html

RAND Short
Form Sexual
Harassment
Scale

Note: We have modified this scale to be more
inclusive and gender-neutral. We have also
changed the responses from binary Yes/No to a
Likert scale from never to very often. We have
also included one item inquiring about whether
they consider the events described in the scale

Sexual
Experiences
Questionnaire

Perceptions of
Peer
Willingness
Injunctive
Questions
Alcohol Use
Disorders
Identification
Test (AUDIT
-C)
Perceptions of
Study
Questions and
Participation

to be sexual harassment.
The Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQDOD, Fitzgerald et al., 1999) is an adaptation of
the Sexual Experience Questionnaire
specifically designed and tested in a military
population to assess sexual harassment
experiences.
A brief scale designed for this project to
measure perceptions of how likely sailors would
be to intervene in three situations.
A 16-item measure designed for this project to
determine injunctive norms and self-reported
beliefs.
The AUDIT-C is a brief, 3-item self-report
measure to screen for problematic drinking

The Administrator-Researcher Campus
Climate Consortium (ARC3) Survey includes
3 questions designed to assess participant’s
perceptions of study questions and
participation. These questions will be adapted
so that the language is appropriate for military
service members rather than college students.

21

Fitzgerald, L.F., Magley, V. J., Drasgow, F., & Waldo, C. R.
(1999) Measure sexual harassment in the military: The Sexual
Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ-DoD. Military Psychology,
11(3), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1103_3

3

N/A

16

N/A

3

3

Bush K, Kivlahan DR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD, Bradley KA, for
the Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). The
AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C): An Effective
Brief Screening Test for Problem Drinking. Arch Intern
Med. 1998;158(16):1789–1795. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789
Swartout, K.M., Flack, W.F., Cook, S.L., Olson, L.N., Smith, P.H.,
& White, J.W. (2018). Measuring campus sexual misconduct and its
context: The administrator-researcher campus climate consortium
(ARC3) survey. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice,
and Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000395