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pdfAGRICULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SURVEY
OMB No. 0535-0218
Approval Expires: 11/30/2023
Project Code: 906
SurveyID: 1347 Phase 2
NATIONAL
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
SERVICE
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Operations Division
9700 Page Avenue, Suite 400
St. Louis, MO 63132-1547
Phone: 1-888-424-7828
Fax: 855-415-3687
Email: nass@usda.gov
COTTON PRODUCTION PRACTICES REPORT FOR 2021
VERSION
79
ID
TRACT
01
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
SUBTRACT
___ ___
C-TYPE
106
CONTACT RECORD
DATE
TIME
NOTES
INTRODUCTION:
[Introduce yourself, and ask for the operator. Rephrase in your own words.]
The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your response will be kept confidential and any person who willfully
discloses ANY identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in
accordance with the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2018, Title III of Pub. L. No. 115-435, codified in 44
U.S.C. Ch. 35 and other applicable Federal laws. For more information on how we protect your information please visit:
https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response is voluntary.
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a
collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB number is 0535-0218. The time required to
complete this information collection is estimated to average 50 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
[We encourage you to refer to your farm records during the interview.]
H H M M
BEGINNING TIME 0004
[MILITARY] ___ ___ ___ ___
☐
Check if verified
SCREENING BOX
0006
POID ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
☐
Check if verified
POID ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Name: ________________________________________________
Name: ________________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
City: ______________________ State: ______ Zip: __________
City: _____________________ State: ______
Zip: __________
check if
cell phone
Phone: (______) ______________________________
☐
Check if verified
☐
POID ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
check if
cell phone
Phone: (______) ______________________________
☐
Check if verified
☐
POID ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Name: ________________________________________________
Name: ________________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
City:_______________________ State: ______ Zip: __________
City: _____________________ State: ______ Zip: ___________
check if
cell phone
check if
cell phone
Phone: (______) _______________________________
☐
Phone: (______) ______________________________
☐
2
A
COTTON FIELD SELECTION
A
Total Planted Acres
0050
1. How many total acres of cotton did this operation plant for the 2021 crop year?............................................
.___
[If no acres were planted, review Screening Survey Information Form, make notes, then go to back page.]
I will follow a simple procedure to make a random selection from the cotton fields planted for the 2021 crop.
Total Number Of
Fields Planted
2. What is the total number of cotton fields that were planted on this operation? [If only one field, enter 0020
"1" and go to item 4.]...................................................................................................................................
3. [Now, I need to identify a cotton field to be used for this survey.] The cotton field pre-selected for this interview is the:
1
Northern most field
2
Southern most field
3
Eastern most field
4
Western most field
5
Northeastern most field
6
Southeastern most field
7
Northwestern most field
8
Southwestern most field
Field description:
Office Use
OY Field Substituted
0022
APPLY "RANDOM NUMBER" LABEL HERE
4. The field selected is _______________ (field name/number/description).
During this interview, the cotton questions will be about this selected cotton field.
[Be sure the operator can identify the selected field.]
Acres
1301
5. How many acres of cotton were planted in this field for the 2021 crop?.........................................................
.___
3
C
NUTRIENT or FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS--SELECTED FIELD
C
Office Use
Edit Table
Code
1. Were commercial nutrients or fertilizers applied to the selected field for the
2021 cotton crop? INCLUDE those from operators, landlords, and
Yes=1
contractors...............................................................................................................No=3
0202
0200
[If commercial nutrient or fertilizer applied, continue, else go to Section D.]
Number
0203
2. How many commercial nutrient or fertilizer applications were made to the selected field for the 2021
crop? INCLUDE applications made by airplanes and custom applicators.....................................................
3. [Now I need to record information for each application.]
CHECKLIST
INCLUDE
EXCLUDE
Custom applied nutrients or fertilizers
Micronutrients
Unprocessed manure
Nutrients or fertilizers applied in the fall of
2020 and those applied earlier if the
selected field was fallow in 2020.
Commercially prepared manure or
compost
Nutrients or fertilizers applied to previous
crops in the selected field
Lime and gypsum/landplaster
Office Use
Lines in Table
Table
001
0299
Application Codes for Column 6
1 Broadcast, ground without incorporation
2 Broadcast, ground with incorporation
3 Broadcast, by aircraft
4 In seed furrow
2
3
Materials Used
L
I
N
E
[Enter percentage analysis or actual pounds of
plant nutrients applied per acre.]
[Show Common Nutrients or Fertilizers in
Respondent Booklet]
N
Nitrogen
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
P2O5
Phosphate
K2 O
Potash
S
Sulfur
4
5
What quantity [Enter material code]
was applied per
acre?
1
12
13
19
[Leave this
column blank if
actual nutrients
were reported]
Pounds
Gallons
Quarts
Pounds of
actual
nutrients
5 In irrigation water
6 Chisel/injected or knifed in
7 Banded in or over row
8 Foliar or directed spray
6
When was this
How was
applied?
this applied?
1 In the fall
before seeding
2 In the spring
before seeding
3 At seeding
4 After seeding
[Refer to
code list
above]
7
How many acres in
the selected field
were treated in this
application?
Acres
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
4
D
BIOCONTROL or PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS--SELECTED FIELD
D
Now I have some questions about all the biocontrols or pesticides used on the selected field for the 2021 cotton crop,
including both custom applications and applications made by this operation.
Office Use
Edit Table
Code
1. Were any herbicides, insecticides, fungicides or other biocontrols or
Yes=1
pesticides used on this cotton field for the 2021 crop?............................................No=3
0302
0300
[Probe for applications made in the fall of 2020 and those made earlier if the selected field was fallow.]
If no biocontrols or pesticides applied, go to Section E.
INCLUDE defoliants, fungicides, herbicides,
insecticides, and other pesticides
INCLUDE biological and botanical pesticides.
EXCLUDE adjuvants, nutrients or fertilizers
reported earlier and seed
treatments.
2
Chemical Product
Name
L
I
N
E
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
3
Office Use
Line in Table
Table
001
5
6
7
When was this
applied?
How much was
applied per acre
per application?
What was the
total amount
applied per
application in the
selected field?
73
4
What products
Was this
If this was
were applied to the product part of a tank
selected field?
bought in mix, enter line
[Show product liquid or dry number of
codes from
form?
first product
Respondent
in mix.
Booklet.]
[Enter L or
D]
1 Before planting
3 At planting
4 After planting
5 Defoliation prior
to harvest
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
61
62
63
64
65
OR
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
0399
8
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
.__ __
[Enter unit code]
1 Pounds
12 Gallons
13 Quarts
14 Pints
15 Liquid Ounces
28 Dry Ounces
30 Grams
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
2. For biocontrols or pesticides not listed in Respondent Booklet, specify-Line
Pesticide Type
(Herbicide, Insecticide,
Fungicide, etc.)
EPA No. or Trade Name
and Formulation
Form Purchased
(Liquid or Dry)
Where Purchased
(Ask only if EPA No.
cannot be reported)
5
Applications Codes for Column 9
1
2
3
4
5
L
I
N
E
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
Broadcast, ground without incorporation
Broadcast, ground with incorporation
Broadcast, by aircraft
In seed furrow
In irrigation water
6
7
8
9
Chiseled/injected or knifed in
Banded in or over row
Foliar or directed spray
Spot treatments
9
10
11
How was this
product applied?
How many acres in
the selected field
were treated with this
product?
How many times
was it applied?
Acres
Number
[Enter code from
above.]
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
76
77
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
.___
12
Were these
applications made by-1 Operator, partner, or
family member?
2 Custom applicator?
3 Employee/Other?
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
79
80
6
E
PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - SELECTED FIELD
E
[Now I have some questions about your pest management decisions and practices used on the selected field for the 2021
cotton crop. By pests, we mean weeds, insects, and diseases.]
[Enumerator Action: Were pesticide applications reported in Section D?]
☐ Yes - Continue
☐ No - Go to item 4
Code
1. Were weather data used to assist in determining either the need or when to make pesticide
Yes=1
applications?........................................................................................................................................No=3
2. Were any biological pesticides such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), insect growth regulators,
neem or other natural/biological based products sprayed or applied to manage pests in the
Yes=1
selected field?......................................................................................................................................No=3
0800
Code
0801
3. Were pesticides with different mechanisms of action rotated or tank mixed for the primary
Yes=1
purpose of keeping pests from becoming resistant to pesticides?.......................................................No=3
0802
4. Were records kept for the selected field to track the activity or numbers of weeds, insects, or
Yes=1
diseases?.............................................................................................................................................
No=3
0823
5. Did you use published information on infestation thresholds to determine when to take
Yes=1
measures to manage pests in the selected field?................................................................................No=3
1824
1 By deliberately going to the field specifically for
scouting activities [Enter code 1 and go to item 7.]
6. In 2021, how was the selected field primarily
2
scouted for insects, weeds, diseases, and/or
beneficial organisms?...............................................
By conducting general observations while
performing routine tasks [Enter code 2 and go to
item 8.]
3 The selected field was not scouted. [Enter code 3
and go to item 10.]
Code
............
7. Was an established scouting process such as systematic sampling, recording counts, etc. used Yes=1
or were insect traps used in the selected field?...................................................................................No=3
0808
0809
8. Was scouting for pests done in the selected field due to-Yes=1 0810
a. a pest advisory warning?.....................................................................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0811
b. a pest development model?................................................................................................................
No=3
1
2
3
4
[If column 2 = 1, ask--]
What was the infestation
level for [column 1]?
[If column 2 = 1, ask--]
Who did the majority of the scouting
for [column 1]?
1 Higher than normal
2 Normal
3 Lower than normal
9. Was this cotton field scouted for-Yes=1
No=3
1
2
3
4
Operator, partner or family member
An employee
Farm supply or chemical dealer
Independent crop consultant or commercial scout
Code
Code
0812
0813
0814
0815
0816
0817
0818
0819
0820
a. weeds?.......................................................
b. insects or mites?.........................................
c. diseases?...................................................
7
Code
10. Did you use field mapping of previous weed problems to assist you in making weed
Yes=1
management decisions?........................................................................................................................
No=3
0825
11. Did you do any of the following other types of pest management for the specific purpose of
managing or reducing the spread of pests in the selected field?
Code
a. Use the services of a diagnostic laboratory for pest identification or soil plant tissue pest
Yes=1
No=3
analysis for the selected field?.............................................................................................................
0841
Yes=1 0842
b. Plow down crop residue using conventional tillage?............................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0843
c. Remove/burn down crop residue?.......................................................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0844
d. Rotate crops in the selected field during the past three years?............................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0845
e. Maintain ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers?.............................................................
No=3
f.
Yes=1 0846
Choose crop variety because of specific resistance to a certain pest?................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0847
g. Use no-till or minimum till?...................................................................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0848
h. Plan planting locations to avoid cross infestation of pests?..................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0849
i.
Adjust planting or harvesting dates?....................................................................................................
No=3
j.
Chop, spray, mow, plow, or burn field edges, lanes, ditches, roadways, or fence lines?......................
No=3
Yes=1 0850
k. Clean equipment and field implements after completing field work to reduce the spread of
Yes=1
No=3
pests?...................................................................................................................................................
l.
0851
Yes=1 0852
Adjust row spacing, plant density, or row directions?...........................................................................
No=3
m. Have the seed treated for insect or disease control after you purchased the seed for the
Yes=1
No=3
selected field?......................................................................................................................................
0854
Yes=1 0855
n. Maintain a beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat?...............................................................................
No=3
o. Maintain buffer strips or border rows to isolate cotton from non-organic crops or land, or did
Yes=1
No=3
you take a buffer harvest?....................................................................................................................
0856
Yes=1 0857
p. Use a flamer to kill weeds?..................................................................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0865
q. Plant earlier or later to avoid weeds?...................................................................................................
No=3
Code
12. Were any beneficial organisms, such as insects, nematodes, or fungi, applied or released in the Yes=1
selected field to manage pests?...........................................................................................................No=3
0853
13. Were floral lures, attractants, repellants, pheromone traps, or other biological pest controls used Yes=1
on the selected field?...........................................................................................................................No=3
0858
Yes=1 0863
14. Was a trap crop, excluding fallow, grown to help manage insects in the selected field?.......................
No=3
Yes=1 0864
15. Was the selected field left fallow in 2020 to help manage insects on the selected field?......................No=3
16. Were water management practices such as irrigation scheduling, controlled drainage, or
treatment of retention water used on the selected field to manage pests or toxin-producing fungi Yes=1
and bacteria?........................................................................................................................................No=3
Code
0861
Completion Code for Pest Management Data
1 Incomplete/Refusal
0500
8
E-1
PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
1
1. In 2021, do you believe this cotton
field was infested with--
2
1 Yes
3 No
99 Don't know
1
2
3
4
99
E-1
3
4
[If column 2 = 1, ask--]
Was the infestation/population level higher than the
economic threshold for treatment?
[If column 2 =1, ask--]
How many pesticide
applications did you make
to treat this pest?
Much lower (between 0.5 and 0 times the threshold)
Lower (between 1 and 0.5 times the threshold)
Higher (between 1 and 1.5 times the threshold)
Much higher (over 1.5 times the threshold)
Don't know
Code
Number of Applications
Insects or Mites?
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2273
2274
2276
2277
a. Plant Bugs?................................................
b. Stink Bugs?................................................
c. Aphids?......................................................
d. Whiteflies?..................................................
2272
e. Cotton Bollworms/Corn
Earworms?.................................................
f.
2275
Thrips?.......................................................
Yes = 1
No = 3
2300
2. Did you plant genetically modified (GM) or genetically engineered (GE) seeds during the 2021 crop
year?..........................................................................................................................................................
[If item 2 = 1, continue, otherwise, go to item 4.]
3. Did the cotton planted on the selected field have any of the following genetically modified (GM) or
genetically engineered (GE) traits in 2021?
Yes = 1
No = 3
2302
a. Insect resistance (Bt).................................................................................................................................
2306
b. Herbicide Tolerance (HT) to glyphosate (e.g. Roundup Ready®)..............................................................
2308
c. Herbicide Tolerance (HT) to 2,4-D (e.g. Enlist®)........................................................................................
2310
d. Herbicide Tolerance (HT) to dicamba (e.g. Extend®)................................................................................
2312
e. Herbicide Tolerance (HT) to glufosinate (e.g. Liberty Link®)......................................................................
9
Code
Yes=1 2021
4. Have herbicide tolerant seeds been planted on the selected field any time since 2015?.....................No=3
[If item 4 = 1 continue, otherwise go to item 5.]
If column 2 = 1, ask questions in columns 3 - 6
1
For herbicide tolerant seeds that are tolerant of--
2
Have you noticed a
decline in the
effectiveness of
[Column 1] in
controlling weeds in
the selected field?
3
After noticing the decline in the effectiveness of
[Column 1] in controlling weeds on the selected
What was the first year
field, did you -you noticed a decline in
the effectiveness of
4
5
6
[Column 1] in controlling
Increase
the
Change
tillage
Started
using an
weeds in the selected
use
of
practices?
alternate
field?
[Column 1]?
herbicide?
Yes=1
No=3
Year
Yes=1
No=3
Yes=1
No=3
Yes=1
No=3
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
b. Glufosinate (e.g. Liberty®)......................
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
c. Dicamba (e.g. Xtend®,
Xtendimax®, Engenia®).........................
2033
2034
2035
2036
2038
2039
2040
2041
a. Glyphosate (e.g. Roundup®)..................
2037
d. 2,4-D (e.g. Enlist®).................................
Units per Acre
0869
1
2
3
4
Unit Codes
Pounds
CWT
Tons
Bushels
0870
5. If the selected field were not treated with herbicides, tillage, or cultivation, how
much yield loss per acre would you expect from weeds?..................................................
Code
6. Did you observe "stem or leaf curving, leaf blisters, cupping, browning" or other symptoms
Yes=1
associated with dicamba or 2,4-D drift/volatility on the selected field in 2021?...................................No=3
1974
[If item 6 =1, continue, otherwise go to item 7.]
Code
a. In your opinion, were these symptoms due to volatility (when pesticides evaporate
Volatility=1
and move off-target without damaging the plants they pass above) or drift (when
Drift=2
pesticides move off-target near ground level, damaging every plant they contact)?...........................
Don't know=99
b. Did you report the injury to state or local officials?.....................................................................
1980
Yes=1 1981
No=3
[If item 6b = 1, continue, otherwise go to item 7.]
c. Was the injury investigated by state or local
Code
Yes=1 1982
officials?................................................................ No=3
Code
7. As far as you are aware, did farmers in neighboring fields observe "stem or leaf curving, leaf
blisters, cupping, browning" or other symptoms associated with dicamba or 2,4-D drift/volatility
Yes=1
in 2021?..............................................................................................................................................No=3
1976
10
8. For the selected field, were any of the following pesticide spraying practices or activities used in 2021? Pesticides
include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators (PGR).
[Enumerator Note: Column 4: Choose items 1 - 5 and/or 6 for a write-in response.]
1
Was this used in
2021?
Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity
1 Yes
3 No
99 Don't know
2
[Complete column for every
"Yes" in Column 1.]
Was it specifically used to
keep pesticide application(s)
on target (e.g. reduce
pesticide drift)?
1 Yes
3 No
99 Don't know
Code
a.
Altering spray time(s) depending
on weather conditions (e.g. wind
speed, wind direction,
temperature)
5170
Drift reducing adjuvant(s)
c.
Drift reducing nozzle(s)
d.
Increased gallons per acre (GPA)
spray solution
f.
g.
Calibrate sprayer before the
season
Calibrate sprayer during the
season
5173
________________________________________________
5176
5178
________________________________________________
5179
Specify:___________________________
5180
e.
5171
1 Cost of labor/training
2 Cost of associated equipment/products
3 Incompatible with current production practices
(e.g. topography, equipment limitations)
4 Lack of time/too busy
5 Unfamiliar with activity or practice
6 Other, specify:
Code
5174
Specify:___________________________
5175
b.
Code
3
[Complete column for every "No" in Column 1.]
Why was this practice or activity not used?
List all that apply.
5181
5183
________________________________________________
5184
Specify:___________________________
5185
5186
5188
________________________________________________
5189
Specify:___________________________
5190
5191
5193
________________________________________________
5194
Specify:___________________________
5195
Manually altering sprayer settings 5200
to improve the spray precision
(e.g. altering spray pressure,
ground speed, and/or boom
height)
5196
5198
________________________________________________
5199
Specify:___________________________
5201
5203
________________________________________________
5204
Specify:___________________________
11
1
2
3
Was this used in
2021?
[Complete column for every
"Yes" in Column 1.]
Was it specifically used to
keep pesticide application(s)
on target (e.g. reduce
pesticide drift)?
[Complete column for every "No" in Column 1.]
Why was this practice or activity not used?
List all that apply.
(Continued)
Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity
1 Yes
3 No
99 Don't Know
1 Yes
3 No
99 Don't Know
Code
h.
Adopting the use of technologies to
improve the spray precision (e.g.
on/off nozzle spray technology,
GPS boom section controls,
automatic boom height stabilization,
and/or infrared technology)
5205
Code
5206
________________________________________________
5211
Shielded sprayers
j.
5215
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
(e.g. Aim Command, Raven's Hawk
Eye, John Deere's Exact Apply)
5216
5220
5221
5225
_____________________
5213
________________________________________________
i.
Other - Specify:
5208
5209
Specify:___________________________
5210
k.
1 Cost of labor/training
2 Cost of associated equipment/products
3 Incompatible with current production practices
(e.g. topography, equipment limitations)
4 Lack of time/too busy
5 Unfamiliar with activity or practice
6 Other, specify:
Code
5214
Specify:___________________________
5218
________________________________________________
5219
Specify:___________________________
5223
________________________________________________
5224
Specify:___________________________
12
9. Post-emergence herbicide applications are made to control weeds that occur after emergence of the cotton. For the
selected field, did this operation make any post-emergence herbicide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground
boom sprayers in 2021?
5241
Yes, made post-emergence herbicide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below
5240
Yes, made post-emergence herbicide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 10
5242
No, did not make post-emergence herbicide applications - Go to item 10
Post-emergence Herbicide Applications Using Ground Boom
Sprayers
Code
a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per
acre-GPA) for post-emergence herbicide
applications?
1
2
3
4
<5 GPA
5 to <7.5 GPA
7.5 to <10 GPA
10 to <15 GPA
5
6
7
99
15 to <20 GPA
20 to <25 GPA
25 GPA or greater
Don't know
5243
<10 PSI
10 to <20 PSI
20 to <30 PSI
30 to <40 PSI
40 to <50 PSI
50 to <60 PSI
7
8
9
10
11
99
60 to <70 PSI
70 to <80 PSI
80 to <90 PSI
90 to <100 PSI
100 PSI or greater
Don't know
5244
b. What is the typical operating pressure for postemergence herbicide application (PSI)?
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
Hollow Cone
Full Cone
Disc/Core Nozzle
Flat (e.g., flat fan)
5 Air-inclusion (AI), Airinduction, Venturi
6 Other: specify:
5246_________________
99 Don't know
5245
c. What nozzles were typically used most often for
any post-emergence herbicide applications?
(Select one)
d. At what ground speed was this ground boom
sprayer(s) typically driven during postemergence herbicide applications?
1 <5 MPH
2 5 to <10 MPH
3 10 to <15 MPH
4 15 to <20 MPH
5 20 MPH or greater
99 Don't know
5247
e. At what boom height above ground or crop
canopy did this operation typically spray during
post-emergence herbicide applications?
1 <12 inches
2 12 to <24 inches
3 24 to <36 inches
4 36 inches or greater
99 Don't know
5248
1 Less than 106 microns extremely fine or very fine
2 106-235 microns - fine
3 236-340 microns - medium
4 341-403 microns - coarse
5249
5 404-502 microns - very
coarse
6 503-665 microns extremely coarse
7 Greater than 665 microns ultra coarse
99 Don't know
f.
What is the target droplet size spectrum for
post-emergence herbicide applications?
13
10. Post-emergence insecticide and/or fungicide applications are made to control pests that occur after emergence of the
cotton. For the selected field, did this operation make any post-emergence insecticide and/or fungicide applications
using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2021?
5251
Yes, made post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table
below
5250
Yes, made post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 11
5252
No, did not make post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications - Go to item 11
Post-emergence Insecticide/Fungicide Applications Using
Ground Boom Sprayers
Code
a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per
acre-GPA) for post-emergence
insecticide/fungicide applications?
1
2
3
4
<5 GPA
5 to <7.5 GPA
7.5 to <10 GPA
10 to <15 GPA
5
6
7
99
15 to <20 GPA
20 to <25 GPA
25 GPA or greater
Don't know
5253
<10 PSI
10 to <20 PSI
20 to <30 PSI
30 to <40 PSI
40 to <50 PSI
50 to <60 PSI
7
8
9
10
11
99
60 to <70 PSI
70 to <80 PSI
80 to <90 PSI
90 to <100 PSI
100 PSI or greater
Don't know
5254
b. What is the typical operating pressure for postemergence insecticide/fungicide application
(PSI)?
1
2
3
4
5
6
c. What nozzles were typically used most often for
any post-emergence insecticide/fungicide
applications?
(Select one)
1
2
3
4
Hollow Cone
Full Cone
Disc/Core Nozzle
Flat (e.g., flat fan)
5 Air-inclusion (AI), Airinduction, Venturi
6 Other: specify:
5256_________________
99 Don't know
5255
d. At what ground speed was this ground boom
sprayer(s) typically driven during postemergence insecticide/fungicide applications?
1 <5 MPH
2 5 to <10 MPH
3 10 to <15 MPH
4 15 to <20 MPH
5 20 MPH or greater
99 Don't know
5257
e. At what boom height above ground or crop
canopy did this operation typically spray during
post-emergence insecticide/fungicide
applications?
1 <12 inches
2 12 to <24 inches
3 24 to <36 inches
4 36 inches or greater
99 Don't know
5258
1 Less than 106 microns extremely fine or very fine
2 106-235 microns - fine
3 236-340 microns - medium
4 341-403 microns - coarse
5259
5 404-502 microns - very
coarse
6 503-665 microns extremely coarse
7 Greater than 665 microns ultra coarse
99 Don't know
f.
What is the target droplet size spectrum for
post-emergence insecticide/fungicide
applications?
11. For the selected field, which of the following spraying practices resulted in a sprayer re-calibration in 2021?
Check all that apply.
5261
Computer calibration alert system
5262
Change in product being applied
5263
Observed change in spray pattern (e.g., from worn nozzles)
5264
Scheduled calibration (e.g., daily, monthly, annually)
5265
When moving to a different block or crop
5266
Other, specify: 5268_______________________________________________
5267
Don't know
14
12. For the selected field, when did this operation clean the ground boom sprayer tank system in 2021?
Check all that apply.
5271
Before the season
5272
After the season
5273
Depended on the product(s)
5274
Regularly scheduled cleaning
5275
Other, specify: 5277_______________________________________________
5276
Never
[Enumerator Note: If response to item 12 = Never (IC 5276), go to item 13, otherwise continue to item 12a and 12b.
1 Always (100%)
2 Often (51% or more)
a. For each time that the ground boom sprayer was
3 Sometimes (50% or less)
cleaned, how often was a tank cleaner used?.......................
4 Never (0%)
99 Don't know
Code
5279
.....................
b. Did this operation use separate spray rigs for herbicide applications?
Yes
1
3
No
99
Code
Don't know...............................................................
5280
13. For the selected field, what material were a majority of the nozzles made of that were used across all pesticide
applications made in 2021? Select one.
5281
1
Plastic, such as Polypropylene (i.e. Poly or PP) or other types
2
Aluminum, brass, or other soft metal(s)
3
Stainless steel including hardened stainless steel
4
Other, specify: 5282_______________________________________________
5
Don't know
14. For the selected field, what were the most common reasons for replacing the nozzles on the sprayers in 2021? Check
all that apply.
5291
Regularly scheduled calendar-based replacement (e.g. annually, twice annually, monthly, etc.)
5292
Regularly scheduled replacement based on operating time (e.g. sprayer operating hours)
5293
Sporadic replacement based on area covered or general intuition (e.g. it feels like the right time to change
nozzles)
5294
Calibration problems (e.g. too high or too low a flow rate)
5295
Observed nozzle damage (e.g. change in spray pattern or leaks)
5296
Availability of new nozzle technologies
5297
Expert and/or consultant recommendations (e.g. Cooperative Extension, crop consultants, etc.)
5298
Other, specify: 5290_______________________________________________
5299
Don't know
1
0%
15. For the selected field, on what proportion did this operation use hedgerows 2 1% - 25%
3 26% - 50%
or other wind-breaking structures that are at least one and a half times the
4 51% - 75%
height of the crop canopy for drift reduction in 2021?...........................................
5 76% - 100%
99 Don't know
Code
5300
........................................................
15
16. How often were the following sources of information used to inform pest management decisions in 2021?
How often was this source of
information used?
Sources of Information
1
2
3
4
99
Always (100%)
Often (51% or more)
Sometimes (50% or less)
Never (0%)
Don't know
Code
5301
a. Pesticide product labels....................................................................................................................
5303
b. University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension resources/recommendations..........................
5305
c. Non-university literature, such as trade magazines, catalogs, newspapers, etc..............................
5307
d. Grower/trade group...........................................................................................................................
5309
e. Pesticide sales representatives and/or farm supply distributors........................................................
f.
5311
Crop consultants paid for by the operation........................................................................................
5313
g. Other grower(s).................................................................................................................................
5315
h. Non-university decision tools.............................................................................................................
5317
i.
Weather forecasting tools..................................................................................................................
j.
Other, Specify:5536______________________________________________.................................
5320
17. [If 16b = 1, 2, or 3, ask--] Which of the following types of services offered by the University and/or Agricultural
Cooperative Extension were most often used as sources of pest management decisions in 2021?
How often was this source of
information used?
University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension Services
1
2
3
4
99
Always (100%)
Often (51% or more)
Sometimes (50% or less)
Never (0%)
Don't know
Code
5322
a. Formal presentations (e.g. annual meetings, educational trainings).................................................
5323
b. Field days/demonstration workshops................................................................................................
5324
c. Farm visits and/or one-on-one consultation......................................................................................
5325
d. Email lists..........................................................................................................................................
5326
e. Newsletters.......................................................................................................................................
5327
f.
Crop and/or Pest Protection Handbook.............................................................................................
5328
g. Other publications (e.g. fact sheets)..................................................................................................
5329
h. Decision tools....................................................................................................................................
i.
5331
Other, Specify:5330______________________________________.................................................
16
18. For the selected field, how often were the following practices used during the season to manage herbicide, fungicide,
and insecticide resistance in 2021?
Only complete if
Only complete if operation Only complete if operation
operation uses herbicides
uses fungicides
uses insecticides
Practice to Manage Resistance for Herbicide,
Fungicide, and Insecticide
How often was each
practice used on this
operation to manage
herbicide resistance?
1
2
3
4
99
How often was each
practice used on this
operation to manage
fungicide resistance?
Always (100%)
1
Often (51% or more)
2
Sometimes (50% or less) 3
Never (0%)
4
Don't know
99
Always (100%)
1
Often (51% or more)
2
Sometimes (50% or less) 3
Never (0%)
4
Don't know
99
Code
5332
a. Field mapping weeds and/or keeping
records of field history and pesticide use
to assist pesticide decisions..................................
How often was each
practice used on this
operation to manage
insecticide resistance?
Always (100%)
Often (51% or more)
Sometimes (50% or less)
Never (0%)
Don't know
Code
5333
Code
5334
b. Field Management/Sanitation Practices................
i.
5335
For weed control (e.g. crop rotation,
tillage, planting cover crops,
managing field borders, preventing
field-to-field and within field movement
of weed seed)........................................................
ii. For disease control (e.g. removing or
incorporating field residue to reduce
potential disease infestations,
managing field borders).........................................
5336
5337
iii. For insect control (e.g. removing or
incorporating field residue to reduce
potential insect infestations, managing
field borders).........................................................
c. Planting insect-resistant (e.g. aphids)
and/or disease-resistant varieties of
cotton.....................................................................
5338
d. Pre-harvest and/or post-harvest control of 5340
weeds and/or disease to reduce the
return of weed seeds and/or seed-borne
diseases................................................................
5341
e. Use of pest diagnostic tools (e.g.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
treatment thresholds; predictive weather
models (e.g. degree day models); pest
forecasting systems, and/or assistance
from diagnostic networks)......................................
5342
5343
5345
5346
5348
5349
f.
5344
Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) rotation...............
5347
g. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA)
combination (e.g. tank mix or pre-mix
product).................................................................
5339
17
19. How often were the following Best Management Practice(s) (BMPs) used by this operation during the season in 2021?
1
How often was this practice
used?
Best Management Practices
1
2
3
4
99
2
[Only answer if
column 1 = 1, 2, or 3]
Was this practice specifically
used to prevent exposure to
bees and/or other pollinators?
Always (100%)
1
Often (51% or more)
2
Sometimes (50% or less) 3
Never (0%)
4
Don't know
99
Always (100%)
Often (51% or more)
Sometimes (50% or less)
Never (0%)
Don't know
Code
Code
5520
5521
5524
5525
5526
5527
a. Avoid applications after the crop has started blooming ...............................
b. Maintain buffer between known beehive locations.......................................
c. Select pesticides that have the lowest residual toxicity to bees...................
5528
d. Use alternative application methods of an active ingredient to
prevent bee exposure (e.g., non-foliar applications when bees are
foraging).......................................................................................................
5530
e. Avoid applications when dew is forecast......................................................
5529
5531
Manage blooming plants in the field before applying pesticides that 5532
are acutely toxic to bees (e.g., mowing)......................................................
5533
g. Make application(s) at nighttime or no more than two hours prior to 5534
sunset..........................................................................................................
5535
f.
5537
h. Other, Specify:5536_________________________________.....................
5538
20. In an effort to reduce off-target impacts to plants, pollinators, and/or beneficial insects, did this operation communicate
with or consult any of the following sources in 2021? Check all that apply.
5351
Neighboring crop producers
5352
Nearby beekeepers
5353
A local expert, such as an Agricultural Cooperative Extension agent
5354
State managed pollinator protection plans, or MP3s - MP3s are state-developed efforts that intend to reduce
pesticide exposure through timely communication and coordination among beekeepers, growers, pesticide
applicators, and landowners.
5355
FieldWatch® - FieldWatch® is a voluntary communication tool that enables crop producers, beekeepers, and
pesticide applicators to work together to protect crops and apiaries through the use of mapping programs.
5356
Other communication tool(s), Specify: 5358______________________________________
5357
Other, Specify: 5359______________________________________________________
18
Code
21. Did this operation participate in programs or activities that may have provided habitat to
Yes=1
pollinators in 2021?..............................................................................................................................No=3
5540
[If item 21 = 1 continue, otherwise go to item 22.]
1
2
[Only answer if column 1 = "Yes"]
Was this practice Was this practice specifically used
or program used
to provide habitat or forage to
in 2021?
pollinators?
3
[Complete column for every
"No" in Column 1]
Why was this practice or activity not
used?
Check all that apply
Programs and Practices
1 Yes
3 No
99 Don't Know
1
2
3
4
99
Always (100%)
Often (51% or more)
Sometimes (50% or less)
Never (0%)
Don't know
Code
Code
1 Cost
2 Program incentive payment too low
3 Incompatible with current production
practices (e.g. topography, equipment
limitations
4 Program not available in my location
5 Lack of time/too busy
6 Unfamiliar with activity or practice
7 Lack of technical support
8 Lack of interest
9 Other
Code
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
c. Leave marginal land uncultivated and 5547
unmanaged.....................................................
5548
5549
d. Add hedgerows, windbreaks, or buffer 5550
strips along the field border.............................
5551
5552
e. Add hedgerows, windbreaks, or buffer 5553
strips within the field........................................
5554
5555
5556
Participate in the Environmental
Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).................
5557
5558
5559
g. Participate in the Conservation
Stewardship Program (CSP)...........................
5560
5561
5562
h. Participate in the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP).................................
5563
5564
5567
5568
a. Plant pollinator habitat or forage......................
b. Plant cover crops.............................................
f.
i.
5566
Other, specify xxxx________________............
19
22. For this operation, describe your interactions with honey producers/beekeepers in 2021? Check all that apply.
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
I am aware of beekeepers utilizing my fields for forage or operating near my fields.
I communicate with beekeepers utilizing my fields for forage or operating near my fields.
I allow beekeepers to keep hives on or near my fields.
I assist beekeepers in finding an isolated location for their hives.
I do not mind if beekeepers utilize my fields for forage or operate near my fields.
I passively discourage beekeepers from using my fields for forage by posting notices or verbal
communication.
I actively discourage beekeepers from using my fields for forage.
I do not have interactions with beekeepers.
Don't know.
23. Are the spraying practices for other fields in this operation similar to the spraying practices for this selected field?
5360
1
Yes
3
No - Please explain the difference:5366____________________________________________________________
99
Don't know
20
CONCLUSION
1. To receive the complete results of this survey on the release date, go to nass.usda.gov/results
To have a brief summary emailed to you at a later date, please enter your email address.
1095
[Enumerator Note: Thank the respondent, then review this questionnaire.]
H
H
M M
0005
2. Ending time [Military]......................................................................................................................................
__ __ __ __
RECORD USE
3. [Did respondent use farm/ranch records to report--]
Code
Yes=1 0011
a. [fertilizer data?]..................................................................................................................................
No=3
Yes=1 0012
b. [pesticide data?]................................................................................................................................
No=3
SUPPLEMENTS USED
Number
4. [Record the total number of each type of questionnaire supplement used to
Fertilizer
complete this interview......................................................................................................................
Supplements
0041
0042
Pesticide
Supplements
Operation Email: (if different from above)
Operation Phone:
9937
check if
cell phone
9936
(
Respondent Name:
☐
) - _____________________
Respondent Phone (if different from above)
9912
9911
____________________________________________
(
check if 9910
cell phone
☐
) - _____________________
MM
Date:
__ __
DD
YY
__ __ __ __
This completes the survey. Thank you for your help.
OFFICE USE
R. Unit
Ptr 1 Str
9921
9922
Response
1-Comp
2-R
3-Inac
4-Office Hold
5-R - Est
6-Inac - Est
7-Off Hold - Est
9901
Ptr 2 Str
9923
Ptr 3 Str
9927
Respondent
1-Op/Mgr
2-Sp
3-Acct/Bkpr
4-Partner
9-Other
9902
Ptr 4 Str
9928
OPS
923
Mode
1-PASI (Mail)
2-PATI (tel)
3-PAPI (Face-to-Face)
4-CATI
5-Web
6-E-mail
7-Fax
8-CAPI
19-Other
SSO 1
9907
Optional Use
9906
9908
Enum.
9903
9998
9916
POID
9989
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Eval.
9900
ADJ
922
Change
9985
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Modified | 0000-00-00 |
| File Created | 2021-06-04 |