Anaconda MT EI Protocol

An Exposure Investigation (EI) will be conducted at the Anaconda National Priority List (NPL) site in Anaconda, Montana. The Anaconda area was contaminated with heavy metals from past smelting activities in the area. The EI will include the testing of up to 200 residents to determine the levels of lead in blood and arsenic in urine in residents in the Anaconda community. The EI has the following objectives and follow-up activities:

Evaluate blood lead levels (BLLs) for Anaconda residents that participate in the investigation.

Recommend case management for participants with BLL ≥5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) (CDC reference level)
- Recommend follow-up evaluation with a Primary Care Physician (PCP) for retesting and developmental and behavioral screening, as needed
- Recommend an early intervention program for children with developmental and behavioral issues, as needed
- Provide information on nutrition that may help to decrease the absorption of lead into the body

Evaluate total and inorganic urine arsenic levels for Anaconda residents that participate in the investigation.

Each participant’s creatinine-corrected, total urinary arsenic level will be compared to the most up-to-date 95^th percentile value reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Currently, a value of 29.9 micrograms per gram of creatinine (µg/g Cr) is reported for children aged 6-11 years; 30.5 µg/g Cr for children aged 12-19 years and 54.0 µg/g Cr for adults aged 20 years and older (2013-2014 data) [CDC 2018].
For participants whose creatinine-corrected, total urinary arsenic level is above the appropriate 95^th percentile NHANES value, total inorganic urinary arsenic results will be compared to the most up-to-date 95^th percentile values specific to age group that are reported in NHANES [CDC 2018].

Recommend ways to lower exposure to lead and arsenic in the home.

Recommend ways to lower exposure to lead- and arsenic-containing dust in homes (e.g., attics)
Assist the community with the identification of available resources for home assessments

All participants will have the option of discussing their lead and/or arsenic findings with an ATSDR medical officer.

Background

The Anaconda Company Smelter operated from 1884 through 1981. The Anaconda Copper Mining Company (ACM) mined copper ore in nearby Butte, Montana and operated a smelter on the north side of Warm Springs Creek, adjacent to the town of Anaconda from 1884 to 1901 (Appendix A). This area is now referred to as the “Old Works.” In 1902, ore processing commenced at the Washoe Reduction Works (the “New Works”) on Smelter Hill, east of town. Both smelters resulted in large volumes of waste that were disposed on the ground and in surface water, and used as fill. Airborne contaminants from stacks and waste (slag) piles resulted in widespread surface soil contamination with heavy metals (principally arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc) (Appendix A).

In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) placed the Anaconda Company Smelter site on the National Priorities List (NPL). Remediation of millions of cubic yards of mining wastes and roughly 20,000 acres of contaminated soil through the Superfund program continues to this day. Arsenic is the primary contaminant of concern and potential exposures to inorganic arsenic are the fundamental health risk addressed in site remediation [EPA 1996]. The copper mine in Butte is also under remediation through Superfund, and the combined Anaconda and Butte sites represent the largest Superfund complex in the United States.

Atlantic Richfield Corporation (ARCO) purchased the ACM in 1977 and conducts the site clean-up as the potentially responsible party. Smelter operations ceased in 1980, and the 585-foot landmark brick stack is the only remaining structure from the Washoe operations. Contamination from historic operations included 230 million cubic yards of concentrated mill tailings, 30 million cubic yards of furnace slag, and 500,000 cubic yards of flue dust. Leaching of these chemicals contaminated groundwater. Airborne emissions contaminated approximately 20,000 acres of soil above established action levels [EPA 2015]. Various remedial activities have been conducted to address the environmental contamination including permanent relocation of people living in the Mill Creek neighborhood; remediation of residential yards; and removal, consolidation, and on-site containment of waste material and contaminated soil.

While significant progress in site remediation and the concurrent reduction of potential exposures has been made to date, contamination, such as exposed slag and soils in residential areas, remains. Additionally, interior dust clean up, required by a 2013 Amendment to the Community Soils Operable Unit Record of Decision (ROD) to address arsenic and lead contamination, is not yet complete. The ROD was amended after sampling found “concentrations of lead in residential soils being significantly higher than those reported in the Remedial Investigation” [EPA 2013].

The site includes both the town of Anaconda and the town of Opportunity. For the purposes of the Superfund clean-up, the site is divided into five Operating Units (OUs): The Mill Creek OU, the Flue Dust OU, the Old Works/East Anaconda Development Area OU, the Community Soils OU, and the Anaconda Regional Water, Waste, and Soil OU.

In 1996, a Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment (BHHRA) was completed as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI). The document addressed several OUs at the site as well as community soils in Anaconda. The BHHRA evaluated residential surface soil and dust collected in 1992 and 1994. Risks from lead were determined to be within EPA’s acceptable range and risks from arsenic were considered to be unacceptable, resulting in arsenic being considered the risk driver at the site.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) authored a Public Health Assessment for the site in 1987 and a Site Review and Update in 1992. In 2007, ATSDR evaluated the EPA’s Action Level for arsenic in residential soil, a level established in the 1998 ROD [ATSDR 2007a]. ATSDR concluded that exposures to soils at the 250 parts per million (ppm) action level would not likely result in adverse health effects, though that conclusion is not applicable to children who exhibit pica behavior [ATSDR 2007a]. In 2006, ATSDR evaluated potential health effects from dust blowing off the Opportunity Ponds (a community located 4 miles downwind of the smelter stack). ATSDR concluded that most people would not experience adverse health effects associated with the arsenic in the dust; however, sensitive populations might be at risk [ATSDR 2007a].

In May 2018 ATSDR, in coordination with the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (MDPHHS), which is funded, in part, by the ATSDR state cooperative agreement program, and the Anaconda Deer Lodge County (ADLC) Health Department, conducted a public listening session to assess community health concerns. The community identified exposure to arsenic and lead as the primary public health issues associated with environmental contamination.

Environmental Sampling Data

ARCO, under EPA oversight, has conducted extensive environmental sampling over the course of the site Superfund history. The information presented here provides only an overview of historic sampling followed by recent data that informs our understanding of present exposure pathways.

Residential Soils Overview

Through the Superfund process, ARCO and EPA together completed approximately 21 soil investigations between 1985 and 1995. Analytic results from the 1997-1998 Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) established the Community Soils Operating Unit (OU) as the focus of residential clean ups. This OU includes residential yards in Anaconda, Opportunity, and rural areas in the Anaconda vicinity. This focus area of remediation encompasses the population at greatest current risk for exposure to arsenic and lead. While ARCO has completed many remedial activities for residential soils, EPA’s Fifth Five Year Review Report in 2015 [EPA 2015] concludes that “the remedy for the Community Soils OU is not protective because exposure to lead contamination in residential soil and dust in not currently controlled.”

Soil studies have identified arsenic at levels of concern in both surface (0 to 2 inch depth) and subsurface soils, a pattern consistent with a near century of smelter emission deposition. Of the two, surface soil contamination presents a more immediate current health risk since children will contact surface soils when playing and adults will contact surface soils in routine yard maintenance.

ARCO commenced sampling of residential yards in the Community Soils OU in 2001. An evaluation of the data collected through 2007 presented the range of surface soil arsenic concentration from 5.6 to 1,690 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) from 4,449 samples with an average value of 204 mg/kg [CDM 2008].

In 2006, ARCO sampled over 1,400 residential yards in Anaconda and the surrounding rural area [EPA 2008]. Of these, 300 yards exceeded the 250 mg/kg action level for arsenic. Analysis of the sampling indicated that arsenic contamination was more widespread than indicated in previous decision documents. The highest arsenic levels occur in the Mill Creek/Aspen Hills section of Anaconda.

Also in 2006, ARCO evaluated residual lead concentrations in yards where arsenic concentrations measured below the 250 mg/kg clean up benchmark. The results indicated that lead concentrations in residential soils posed a significant exposure pathway for lead even where the arsenic level was below 250 mg/kg [EPA 2008]. The table below summarizes lead values in 554 subarea samples collected from 147 yards with arsenic below 250 mg/kg (Table 1).

Table 1: Soil Lead in Residential Yards: Arsenic below 250 mg/kg
Lead Concentration (mg/kg)	Number of Subarea Samples	Percent of Samples
0-400	207	37
400-800	238	43
800-1200	66	12
>1200	43	8
TOTAL	554	100%

For the Community Soils OU Remedial Action Phase 2 sampling (beginning 2007), ARCO collected both surface and subsurface soil samples for arsenic [EPA 2008] (Table 2).

Table 2: Soil Arsenic in Residential Yards*
Depth of Sample	Number of Samples	Range of Arsenic (mg/kg)	Mean of Arsenic (mg/kg)
0-2 inch (surface)	595	53-1,690	388
2-6 in (subsurface)	595	24-2,200	327
6-12 in (deeper subsurface)	364	54-1,750	364

* EPA soil action level for arsenic at the Anaconda NPL site is 250 mg/kg.

Recent Residential Yard Sampling

Remediation actions continued from 2015 to 2017 for the Community Soils OU. Soil data collected for 2015 and 2016 contain both remediated and unremediated yards; hence, average and minimum values incorporate partial implementation of the remedy. The 2015 and 2016 data indicate continued risk for community exposure to lead and arsenic through residential soils (Table 3) [ATSDR 2018].

Table 3. 2015 and 2016 Residential Yards: Arsenic and Lead
Year	Number of Samples	Number of residences	Arsenic (mg/kg)		Lead (mg/kg)
Year	Number of Samples	Number of residences	Range	Mean	Range	Mean
2015	188	12	12.7-853	191	12.6-2,380	479.1
2016	7,150	486	1.8-4,280	208	0.26-9,320	437

Dust in Attics and Home Interiors

Environmental sampling of attic dust has established that historic smelter emissions settled in home attics. The higher than anticipated soil arsenic concentrations (discussed above) prompted ARCO to sample attic dust in 52 homes [ARCO 2008]. ARCO collected dust from attics as well as other interior and exterior floor surfaces from homes in Anaconda, Opportunity, and Rural Areas. Arsenic and lead concentrations are summarized in Table 4.

Table 4. Summary of Arsenic and Lead Dust in Attic, Interior, and Exterior Surfaces
Contaminant	Dust Type	Number of Samples	Mean (mg/kg)	Range (mg/kg)

Arsenic	Attic	49	496	0.15-1,560
	Interior	52	64.9	11.1-322
	Exterior	52	63.4	17.2-213

Lead	Attic	49	721	2.61-2,620
	Interior	52	548	41.8-10,700
	Exterior	52	515	27.1-5,070

In its analysis of the correlation of contaminant levels found in residential interior, exterior, and attic dust EPA concluded that “attic dust may be a secondary source of interior dust arsenic and lead contamination” [EPA 2008]. The Community Soils Record of Decision [EPA 2013] established an attic remediation programs for residences located in the Community Soils OU. Of 99 attics sampled to date, 53 have been remediated, 21 are eligible for remediation, 12 were below the action level for remediation and 13 are still awaiting analysis by the laboratory. Attic dust is a current pathway of exposure to lead and arsenic; however, a full picture of how widespread the contamination is only now emerging.

Uncovered Waste in Place

EPA’s most recent Superfund Five-Year Review identified areas with uncovered wastes in place (some for historic preservation) [EPA 2015]. Some of these areas are accessible to trespassers resulting in a potential exposure pathway to arsenic and lead via particulates in air.

An area known as the Old Works Historic District, located in the Old Works/East Anaconda Development Area Operating Unit, contains ore processing waste from smelter operations dating from 1884-1902. In 2010, EPA estimated that 60,000 to 75,000 cubic yards of contaminated waste remained [EPA 2015]. Previous sampling has indicated that portions of this waste exceed the 1,000 mg/kg remedial action level established for recreational/open space/agricultural areas [EPA 2015].

Substantial progress in remediation has been made in the Anaconda Regional Water, Waste, and Soil Operating Unit; however, remediation is not complete for multiple remedial design units (RDUs) covering thousands of acres of contaminated land located within this OU. Three slag piles covering approximately 197 acres and consisting of approximately 25.5 million cubic yards of smelter slag are located within this OU. Wind and erosion control measures are in place; however, particulates are entrained in air during high wind events [EPA 2015].

Previous Biological Testing

In the past, several biomonitoring investigations have been conducted evaluating potential exposure to residents exposed to environmental contaminants from smelting activities. The ATSDR Health Consultation [ATSDR 2007a] provides information on the past biomonitoring events in the Anaconda area; they are summarized in Table 5.

Table 5. Past (1977-1997) Biomonitoring Evens in Anaconda*
Reference	Testing	Conclusion
Baker et al. 1977	Arsenic in hair and urine	Nationwide survey of children living around copper, lead or zinc smelters, including Anaconda. Both hair and urine arsenic levels (total) in Anaconda were above levels found in comparison towns without smelters.
Hartwell et al. 1983 (testing completed from 1978-1979)	Arsenic in hair, blood and urine (also evaluated air, soil, dust, and tap water)	Nationwide survey of children living around copper, lead or zinc smelters, including Anaconda. Dust arsenic levels correlated best with hair arsenic levels for all age groups; urine arsenic (total) correlated with air, water and dust arsenic levels for 1 to 5 year olds.
Anaconda Smelter closed in 1980
Binder et al. 1987 (testing completed in 1985)	Arsenic urine (total) (also soil and house dust)	Four locations were evaluated and compared to each other. In the Mill Creek neighborhood (downwind of smelter and adjacent to the stack): higher mean arsenic in soil and urinary arsenic in children vs Eastern Anaconda (upwind of stack), Opportunity (4 miles downwind of smelter) and the control town. Eight children relocated from Mill Creek based on this investigation.
Hwang et al. 1997 (testing completed in 1992-1993)	Total and speciated arsenic in children in Anaconda	Correlation between speciated urine arsenic concentration and soil arsenic level in bare yards.

* ATSDR (2007a)

The 2007 ATSDR Health Consultation concluded that “biomonitoring of children in the Anaconda area has been useful to indicate elevated past exposures while the smelter operated and, later, in the Mill Creek area of the site. More recent measurements showed average urine arsenic levels to be similar to control towns; however, some children still had elevated arsenic levels, indicating the need to continue to address arsenic exposures at the site” [ATSDR 2007a].

In 2013, ARCO contracted with ENVIRON International Corporation in consultation with ADLC to conduct a baseline blood lead and urinary arsenic biomonitoring study to evaluate potential exposure of residents in the Anaconda area. Blood lead and urine arsenic sampling was offered to community members and results are presented in Table 6 (lead) and Table 7 (arsenic) [ARCO 2014].

Table 6: Blood Lead Results by Age [ARCO 2014]
	< 7 years	≥ 7 years
Number detections (DL = 1.0 µg/dL) /number tested	7/18	26/84
Range of detections (µg/dL)	1-3.8	1-5.4

Table 7: Urine Arsenic Results [ARCO 2014]
	<12 years		≥12 years
Arsenic Result	Number of participants	Range of Detections	Number of Participants	Range of Detections
Total Arsenic (µg/L)	32	4.24-39.5	74	1.36-363
Speciated Arsenic (µg/L)*	32	4.61-25.4	74	1.15-90.6
Speciated Arsenic, Specific Gravity-Corrected (µg/L)	29	4.56-22.5	61	1.87-77.5
Speciated Arsenic, Creatinine-Corrected (µg/g)	30	4.69-33.4	66	1.83-63.7

*Combined inorganic species, arsenous (III) acid and arsenic (V) acid, and their methylated metabolites [monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] results.

The past biomonitoring studies in Anaconda indicate that environmental contamination has resulted in exposure of residents to lead and arsenic.

May 2018 Listening Session: Community Concerns

In May 2018, ATSDR, in partnership with the MDPHHS and the ADLC Health Department, hosted a listening session in Anaconda to address community concerns. Fifty-four people provided detailed accounts of their health concerns as they relate to contamination at the site.

Many concerns related to potential exposure to arsenic from soil, household dust, and particulate matter blowing off the slag piles on windy days. Community members also worried about children’s health and expressed concern that autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases were elevated in Anaconda.

Justification for the EI

Exposure Investigations (EIs) are an approach developed by ATSDR that employ targeted biologic and environmental sampling to determine whether people are or have been exposed to unusual levels of pollutants at specific locations (e.g., where people live, spend leisure time, or anywhere they might come into contact with contaminants under investigation).

ATSDR uses EIs to fill a data gap that is essential for evaluating community exposure pathways and determining if a health hazard is present. The EI team conducts point of human-contact sampling (environmental and/or biological) focused on areas where exposures are expected to be high.

The EI team assesses potential EIs by answering the following four questions:

Can an exposed population be identified? Yes. Soil sampling data and biological testing data (blood lead and urine arsenic) indicate that sensitive populations could be at risk for exposure to harmful levels of lead and arsenic in this community.
Does a data gap exist that affects our ability to decide that a public health hazard exists? Yes. Additional blood lead and urine arsenic data will better identify whether residents may have been exposed to the lead and arsenic contamination in the community.
Can an Exposure Investigation address the data gap? Yes. Completing blood lead and urine arsenic testing will provide additional information on the impact of environmental contamination on the community.
How will the Exposure Investigation results impact public health decision making? The results of the blood lead and urine arsenic testing will assist the ADLC health department and the MCPHHS to evaluate and prioritize available resources from ARCO (e.g., funds for case management, lead paint screening in homes, dust sampling in attics in the community). Two Grand Round presentations will be made to primary care physicians in Anaconda and Butte prior to the EI testing to provide information on lead and arsenic exposure to assist them in patient management.

Objectives of the EI

The objectives of the EI in Anaconda include:

Evaluate blood lead levels (BLLs) for Anaconda residents that participate in the investigation.

Recommend case management for participants with BLL ≥5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) (CDC reference level)
- Recommend follow-up evaluation with a Primary Care Physician (PCP) for retesting and developmental and behavioral screening, as needed
- Recommend an early intervention program for children with developmental and behavioral issues, as needed
- Provide information on nutrition that may help to decrease the absorption of lead into the body

Evaluate total and inorganic urine arsenic levels for Anaconda residents that participate in the investigation.

Each participant’s creatinine-corrected, total urinary arsenic level will be compared to the most up-to-date 95^th percentile value reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Currently, a value of 29.9 micrograms per gram of creatinine (µg/g Cr) is reported for children aged 6-11 years; 30.5 µg/g Cr for children aged 12-19 years and 54.0 µg/g Cr for adults aged 20 years and older (2013-2014 data) [CDC 2018].
For participants whose creatinine-corrected, total urinary arsenic level is above the appropriate 95^th percentile NHANES value, total inorganic urinary arsenic results will be compared to the most up-to-date 95^th percentile values specific to age group that are reported in NHANES [CDC 2018].

Recommend ways to lower exposure to lead and arsenic in the home.

Recommend ways to lower exposure to lead- and arsenic-containing dust in homes (e.g., attics)
Assist the community with the identification of available resources for home assessments

All participants will have the option of discussing their lead and/or arsenic findings with an ATSDR medical officer.

Health Impacts and Exposure to Lead in the Environment

Lead is a naturally occurring element in the earth’s crust and is present in environmental media, including water and soil. Lead is found in many products such as old water pipes and their soldered connections, automobile radiators, ammunitions, some pottery produced in Mexico, some home remedies, and consumer products (e.g., contaminated food, make up, jewelry, and leaded crystal) [ATSDR 2007c]. Lead-based paint used in pre-1978 housing and lead contaminated dust are typically the most widespread and dangerous source of lead exposure for young children [CDC 2009].

No acceptable BLL has been identified that is free from deleterious health effects in children from 1 to 5 years of age [CDC 2012 a,b,c]. As a result, BLLs should be kept as low as possible and below the level of 5 µg/dL [CDC 2005, CDC 2010, CDC 2012a,b,c]. The CDC reference level of 5 µg/dL is based on the U.S. population of children ages 1 to 5 years who are in the highest 2.5% of blood levels in children [CDC 2012 a,b,c]. In 2015, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also recommended that BLLs in adults should be <5 µg/dL (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ables/description.html). BLLs ≥5 µg/dL are reportable to the MDPHHS for all age groups, not just young children and pregnant women.

The emphasis on pregnant women and children younger than 6 years is because epidemiologic cohort studies suggest that prenatal lead exposure, even with maternal BLLs <10 µg/dL, is inversely related to fetal growth and neurodevelopment independent of the effects of postnatal lead exposure. The exact mechanism(s) by which low-level lead exposure, whether incurred prenatally or postnatally, may adversely affect child development remains uncertain [DHHS, 2010].

In general, people can be exposed to lead by:

Inhalation of dust contaminated with lead from contaminated soil or paint chips located in homes constructed prior to 1978,
drinking water containing lead,
accidentally ingesting contaminated dust or soil (hand-to-mouth activities in young children),
occupational exposure (e.g., mechanics, transportation workers, construction workers), and
intentionally ingesting non-food items (pica behavior).

Certain traits put people at higher risk for lead exposure [Brink et al. 2013]. Some characteristics contribute to susceptibilities (e.g., age, race, sex) and others to vulnerability (e.g., socioeconomic status). In addition to the risks posed by living in Anaconda with lead-contaminated soil, other major risk factors for higher lead levels are living in older housing and poverty (Appendix A). The questionnaire will ask questions related to these vulnerabilities and the answers will be used to assess the BLL and urine arsenic results.

Health Impacts and Exposure to Arsenic in the Environment

Arsenic exists naturally in organic and inorganic forms [ATSDR 2007b]. Arsenic is a widely distributed element on the earth’s surface, especially in its inorganic form.

In general, people can be exposed to arsenic by:

consuming foods containing arsenic (contaminated rice, chicken, fish/seafood and other food items),
drinking water containing arsenic,
accidentally ingesting contaminated dust or soil (hand-to-mouth activities in young children),
occupational exposure (e.g., sand blasting, wood preservation, arsenical pesticide production), and
intentionally ingesting non-food items (pica behavior).

Inorganic arsenic is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and, to a lesser degree, from inhalation. Inorganic arsenic and its metabolites have elimination half-lives of around 2-4 days [ATSDR 2007b]. Inorganic arsenic is found in trivalent (arsenite) and pentavalent (arsenate) forms. Trivalent arsenic is substantially more toxic and carcinogenic than pentavalent arsenic [ATSDR 2007b]. Inorganic arsenic crosses the human placenta [ATSDR 2007b]. Inorganic arsenic has been used as an outdoor wood preservative, as semiconductor in dopant materials, in some pesticides and in certain medicines. Organic arsenic is found in primarily in seafood and is less toxic than its inorganic form [ATSDR 2007b].

All participants will be tested for total arsenic that will be speciated to differentiate organic from inorganic arsenic and for creatinine to correct for dilution variation. Total arsenic results will be creatinine-corrected, as age-appropriate, and be compared to the most up-to-date 95^th percentile NHANES value available at the time of evaluation. Speciation will be completed on every urine sample. ATSDR will use a conservative approach to evaluate arsenic results by comparing the total of the participant’s inorganic arsenic species results [arsenic (V) acid and arsenous (III) acid and methylated metabolites: dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)] to the most up-to-date NHANES values [CDC 2018]. Participants who exceed the 95^th percentile NHANES value for total arsenic and total inorganic arsenic will be contacted by the ATSDR Medical Officer to discuss whether further evaluation may be warranted. The results of the questionnaire will be used to assess organic arsenic, since most exposure to organic arsenic is dietary.

If further evaluation is recommended, participants will be referred to the PEHSU (Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units) or AOEC (Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics) clinicians for further workup. The workup would include a complete history and physical to assess for any signs/symptoms of arsenic toxicity, provide counseling for reducing exposure, and potentially serial monitoring to establish that exposure has ceased.

The Investigators and Collaborators

This EI is a collaborative project between ATSDR (headquarters and Region 8), Region 8 EPA, ADLC health department and the MDPHHS. The laboratory analysis will be completed by the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH)/ Division of Laboratory Science (DLS).

EI Design

The goal of the EI is to implement sample collection in the late summer/early fall of 2018 when contact with soil, and therefore, exposure to arsenic and lead, is expected to be high due to increased outdoor activity by residents. Exposure to soil is expected to be highest during months with good weather.

In 2017, the population of Anaconda (consolidated city-county) was 9,139 persons with 93% of the population being white, 4% being American Indian or Alaskan Native, 3% being Hispanic or Latino and 2% being two or more races [Census Bureau 2010]. Of the 9,130 persons, 348 were children under 5 years old (4% of the population) and are considered to be the most vulnerable to health effects resulting from heavy metal contamination, especially lead [Census Bureau 2010] (Appendix A). Participants for the EI will be recruited from the area surrounding the former smelter, including Anaconda and Opportunity.

All members of the community will be eligible for inclusion. Young children (younger than 6 years old) and women who are pregnant or of childbearing age are most susceptible to the effects of elevated BLL. However, given community concern about exposure across the lifespan, all members of the Anaconda community will be invited to participate in the lead and arsenic testing. ATSDR will test up to 200 persons for this investigation. The strategy for recruitment for the EI will be:

ATSDR will obtain a mailing list for the Anaconda area (approximately 4,500 residences) and will send a recruitment postcard to the homes inviting all residents to be tested (Appendix B). Contact information, including a toll free phone number, will be provided for participants to call to make appointments for the testing.
Fact sheets and posters providing information on the testing will be prepared by ATSDR and provided to the ADLC and MDPHHS to distribute to local residents (Appendix B).
For those residents that have agreed to participate, a urine collection kit will be hand-delivered by ATSDR personnel prior to the blood testing date. The urine kit will include a collection cup (acid-washed) provided by the laboratory with instructions on how to collect and freeze a first-morning urine specimen that will be brought to the biological sample collection location. For young children, a collection unit designed for young children will be provided. Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms will be signed when the urine collection kits are delivered to participants.
On the day of collection, participants will report to the blood collection location and

bring their frozen first morning urine sample to the collection site to provide to ATSDR personnel,
complete Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms (if they did not complete them when the urine collection kits were delivered) and a questionnaire, and
provide a venous blood sample.

The EI will be performed according to a Health and Safety Plan.
Blood and urine samples will be submitted to the DLS laboratory for lead and urine analysis.
After the collection, participants will be
1. notified of the results of their blood lead and urine arsenic sampling within 12 weeks, and
2. provided recommendations for follow-up for participants per EI levels defined above.
The results of the blood and urine testing will be evaluated to determine whether a public health hazard exists in the community and will be presented in an EI report.
The findings and recommendations of the EI will be presented to the community in a public availability session after completion of the EI report.

Recruitment

Media outlets, such as the Anaconda Leader and Montana Standard, will be contacted in advance with a request to publicize the upcoming recruitment and implementation for the EI in Anaconda.

Community members will be recruited for inclusion using the following methods:

Three weeks before the sampling, a postcard providing an invitation to participate will be mailed to all residential properties in the area around the former Anaconda smelter, including the communities of Anaconda and Opportunity (Appendix B). The invitation will provide information on when the EI will occur and how to sign up. The information will indicate that blood lead and urine arsenic sampling will be provided free of charge.
As outlined above, fact sheets and posters will be provided to publicly-accessible facilities within the community, such as preschools, grocery stores, community centers, public swimming pools, and libraries. The fact sheet will be provided to the directors of appropriate facilities with a request for the director to disseminate the information to families (Appendix B).
The ADLC health department and MDPHHS will use their local resources, such as social media and contacts within the community to publicize the EI testing.

Consent/Parental Permission/Assent Forms

Participants of the testing will be provided with a Consent/Parental Permission/Assent form as appropriate prior to the sampling for all Anaconda residents. Participants will read and sign the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent form(s) while ATSDR personnel are present (Appendix C). The Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms will be signed by participants when the urine sampling collection kits are delivered by ATSDR personnel. ATSDR EI personnel will answer any questions about the EI including questions about risks and benefits from participating in the EI which the community member may have. After the participants sign the forms, the ATSDR EI personnel will sign as a witness and collect one of the signed forms. The participants will be provided with a copy of the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent form.

The Consent/Parental Permission/Assent form and all other EI documents used to communicate with participants have been evaluated for reading level using Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level tool in Microsoft Word. The reading level is 8^th grade or below. Appendix C includes copies of the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms.

Questionnaire

Participants will be asked questions regarding demographics, household attributes, soil exposure and daily activities (Appendix D). The responses will be used in the evaluation of the blood results.

Prior to use, the questionnaire will be approved through the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) using the existing OMB generic package for EIs (OMB number 0923-0048, expires 3/31/2019). The protocol, including the questionnaire, will be submitted to OMB as a GenIC package for the site.

Blood Sampling

Blood lead sampling is the most reliable method for measuring recent and ongoing exposure to lead. Blood will be collected by a certified phlebotomist using appropriate blood drawing protocols. Testing results will identify exposures from all sources. Specific exposure sources cannot be identified by a blood lead result.

A phlebotomist will collect 3 milliliters (ml) of blood from a vein from each participant who provides consent. The tubes for the collection have been selected and provided by DLS to ensure there is not contamination. Blood for lead analysis will be collected in 3 ml ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) coated tubes provided by the laboratory.

The blood samples will be maintained at an appropriate refrigerator temperature (4º C) after collection. Samples will be shipped on ice packs by overnight delivery to DLS. The DLS will analyze blood samples for lead concentration using DLS method 30916.8-02 in whole blood by Inductively Coupled Plasma Dynamic Reaction Cell Mass Spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS). Reference: NHANES method 2009-2010:

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/labmethods.aspx?BeginYear=2009

Urine Sampling

Urine arsenic is the most reliable method for measuring arsenic exposures occurring within a few days prior to the sample collection. A 24–hour urine collection is considered the optimal method to collect urine for arsenic sampling due to fluctuations in excretion rates. However, most studies use a first morning void or random spot sample because it is convenient for the participant and improves their compliance. These methods appear to correlate well with 24-hour collection results [Orloff et al. 2009, Hinwood et al. 2002]. Participants will be provided a urine collection kit that will include the urine collection cups (provided by DLS for quality control) and instructions for urine collection and freezing of the sample. DLS instructions for urine collection are included in Appendix E.

Frozen urine samples brought to the collection location will be placed on dry ice until all samples have been collected and then shipped frozen on dry ice by FedEx overnight to DLS in Atlanta for analysis. DLS will analyze the urine for arsenic by DLS method 30918.4-.02 Urine Multi-element by Inductively Coupled Plasma Dynamic Reaction Cell Mass Spectrometry (ICP DRC-MS).

All urine specimens will be analyzed for total arsenic, speciated arsenic, and creatinine. To maintain privacy, the samples will be labeled with a coded identification number.

EI personnel will adhere to the Health and Safety Plan provided in Appendix F when handling and shipping blood and urine samples.

A Data Management Plan (Appendix G) outlines processes for ensuring confidentiality and preventing unauthorized release of data collected during the EI. To maintain privacy, the samples will be labeled with unique coded identification numbers. The Principal Investigator will maintain control of the coded identification numbers.

EI Time Line

Week 1 and 2:

Contact local media in advance requesting announcements of ATSDR’s recruitment process.

Mail recruitment postcards to resident’s homes and send recruitment materials to local government offices, public facilities, and businesses. The invitation will include an ATSDR-dedicated toll free 800 phone line in Atlanta to allow prospective participants to ask questions about the EI and make appointments for blood draw.

Week 2 to 3 :

Continue local recruitment efforts, including the use of social media and outreach by ADLC and MDPHHS.
Schedule testing appointments resulting from the postcards and recruitment efforts of local partners.
Schedule phlebotomists based on number and schedules of participants.

Week 4 in a Central Location in Anaconda:

Deliver urine collection kits to participants who made appointments and have the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms signed upon delivery.
Call participants the day before their appointment as a reminder.
Register every participant upon arrival to the central testing location.
Collect first morning or spot urine samples provided by participants and handle appropriately for submission to the laboratory.

Provide the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms to participants to read and sign if they did not sign them when the urine collection kits were delivered, and explain the venous blood testing process. All potential participants have the right to refuse participation without penalty.
Administer a questionnaire to adults 18 years of age and above. The parent/guardian will answer the questions for their children.
Participation will depend on the individual’s capacity to give informed consent and respond to the questionnaire.
Collect blood samples after the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent and questionnaire are completed.
Send the blood and urine samples to DLS for analysis.

Week 5 to 7: Analyze the blood and urine samples in the CDC/NCEH/DLS:

Analyze blood and urine samples at NCEH/DLS.

Week 6 to 8: Review and interpret results:

Interpret the blood lead and urine arsenic results received from the laboratory. The questionnaire answers will help in the interpretation of the results.

Week 9 to 11: Notify the participants of their test results:

Notify the participants of individual tests results, interpretation, and recommendations via a letter. Sample letters are included in Appendix H.
Provide/Coordinate follow-up for participants with BLL above the CDC reference level and urine arsenic above the appropriate NHANES value.
- Further evaluation for lead may include recommending follow-up with a PCP and providing information on lead health effects and ways to reduce exposure.
- Further evaluation for arsenic may include providing information on arsenic health effects and ways to reduce exposure.
Report BLLs ≥5 ug/dL to the MDPHHS and enroll in case management.

Week 12 to 36: Prepare EI Report:

Draft the EI Report. Analyze BLL and urine arsenic data in relation to the environmental data and questionnaire information.
Submit the EI Report for review and release.
Make the report available in the repository at a central location in Anaconda

Human Subjects

Residents living in and around the Anaconda NPL area will be eligible to participate. The EI will be conducted in accordance with an Anaconda EI Health and Safety Plan (Appendix F).

Sufficient resources are available to enroll up to 200 participants for the blood lead and urine arsenic testing.

Description of Risks and Benefits

Risk: We anticipate the risks to be very low, but cannot entirely exclude them. There may be pain and/or bruising at the site where the blood was collected. There is the slight risk of feeling light headed during blood collection.

Benefits: Participants will be informed if they have recent and ongoing exposure to lead and recent exposure to arsenic. If we find elevated levels of lead in blood or arsenic in urine, we will provide recommendations to reduce exposure. There is no monetary incentive for participating in this EI, however, the EI participation, blood lead and urine arsenic testing and test interpretation are free of charge.

An additional benefit will be increased awareness of potential health effects associated with lead and arsenic exposure within the community and for local primary care physicians in Anaconda.

Procedures for Consent/Parental Permission/Assent

Participants will have time to read the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent form (Appendix C) while ATSDR EI personnel are present. ATSDR EI personnel will answer any questions about the EI, including risks and benefits. After the participant signs the Consent/Parental Permission/Assent form, ATSDR EI personnel will sign as witness and collect one of the two signed forms (the participant will keep one of the signed forms).

Parents/guardians will provide permission to participate for children <18 years of age. An assent form is also provided for participants aged 7 to 17 years. Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms, as well as all other EI instruments of communication with participants, have been evaluated for readability using Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level tool in Microsoft Word.

Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms will be provided when the urine collection kit is delivered to participants prior to the blood testing date.

Protection of Confidentiality

Participants’ confidentiality and personal information will be protected by ATSDR to the fullest extent possible by law. Individual tests results will not be made available to the public. Confidential information will be kept in locked cabinets and/or password protected computers. At the conclusion of the EI, ATSDR will prepare and publish an EI Report summarizing the findings, but will not reveal personal identifiers (e.g., name or address). Reports produced after the EI implementation will not identify specific individuals or residences.

All blood and urine samples that are sent to the laboratory for analysis will be labeled with a unique identifying number. De-identified results from the laboratory will be entered into an electronic database and sent to the ATSDR Principal Investigator (PI). Using a key, the PI will link laboratory and questionnaire data and maintain a complete de-identified dataset used for analysis.

Feasibility and Limitations

ATSDR has considerable experience conducting lead and arsenic exposure investigations. ATSDR is well positioned to address lead and arsenic issues and to respond to community concerns that may be voiced during this EI.

Potential limitations include:

We may not know the source of a participant’s exposure.
The blood lead and urine arsenic concentrations cannot be used to predict the future occurrence of disease nor be attributed as the cause of current health problems.
The number of participants recruited may not give ATSDR a complete understanding of the extent of exposure in the community.
The results of this EI will be applicable only to the individuals tested and cannot be generalized to the community or other populations.

Handling Unexpected or Adverse Events

There is a small chance of unexpected or adverse events occurring during the course of this EI.

The most likely adverse event is a participant feeling lightheaded or fainting during blood collection. The Health and Safety Plan (Appendix F) outlines the response to such an event. In addition, the on-site ATSDR medical officer and the phlebotomist collecting blood are trained in responding to such situations.

If any adverse event should occur, the Principal Investigator will notify local emergency services and ATSDR in Atlanta.

Data Handling

All data will be managed in accordance with the Anaconda Data Management Plan (DMP), included as Appendix F. All Consent/Parental Permission/Assent forms will be stored in a secure location while in Anaconda and then returned to ATSDR in Atlanta where they will be kept in a locked cabinet and/or password protected computer. Questionnaire results and blood lead and urine arsenic results (with unique identifying number), will be in electronic form and kept secure on password-protected CDC computers. All other confidential information will be kept in locked cabinets and/or password protected computers by the ATSDR Principal Investigator. ATSDR will share data with EPA and state partners, as appropriate; participants will agree to the data sharing in the consent forms.

Data Analysis

ATSDR staff will ship the venous blood and urine samples via FedEx overnight express mail to CDC/DLS in Atlanta for analysis. The laboratory will follow their standard procedures for analyzing blood for lead and arsenic in urine (see Biologic Sampling under Procedures/Methods). The analysis results from the CDC/DLS will be transmitted to the ATSDR Principal Investigator in an electronic spreadsheet format. No personal identifiers will be provided to the laboratory.

Appropriate Data Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) will be performed by the CDC/DLS and will meet DLS accuracy and precision standards [Caudill et al., 2008]. After all the blood samples are analyzed, the results will be provided to the ATSDR Principal Investigator for interpretation.

Results in the EI Report will be grouped to correspond to those found in the updated NHANES tables http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/fourthreport.pdf.

Dissemination, Notification, and Reporting of Results

Participants will be informed of their tests results by letter which will be mailed via the US Postal Service. The texts of the draft letters will be addressed to participants or parents of children under 18 years of age. Sample letters that will be used to inform participants of their results are included in Appendix H.

An Exposure Investigation report will be written and made available by ATSDR to participants in a repository at a central location in Anaconda.

A public meeting and/or an availability session will take place in Anaconda after the EI Report is released. Speakers from ATSDR will be available to answer questions the community may have. A formal power point presentation about the EI will also be given to the community.

References:

[ARCO 2008] Atlantic Richfield Corporation. 2008. Draft Final Community Soils Interior and Attic dust Characterization Study Data Summary Report (DSR). Prepared by Pioneer Technical Services for ARCO. January 2008.

[ARCO 2014] Atlantic Richfield Corporation. 2013. Anaconda Smelter Community Soils Operable Unit: Lead and Arsenic Baseline Biomonitoring Study Report. Prepared for Atlantic Richfield Company by ENVIRON International Corporation. June 2014.

[ATSDR 2007a] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Health Consultation: Evaluation of Residential Soil Arsenic Action Level. Anaconda Co. Smelter Site, Anaconda, Deer Lodge County, MT. EPA Facility ID: MTD093291656

[ATSDR 2007b] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological profile for Arsenic. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

[ATSDR 2007c] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological profile for Lead. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

[ATSDR 2018] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2018. Personal communication between David Dorian, ATSDR Region 8, and Charlie Partridge, Toxicologist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. July 10, 2018.

Baker EL, Hayes CG, Landrigan PJ, Handke JL, Leger RT, Housworth WJ, Harrington JM. 1977. A nationwide survey of heavy metal absorption in children living near primary copper, lead and zinc smelters. Am J Epidem 1977;106(4):261-273.

Binder S, Forney D, Kaye W, Pascal D. Arsenic exposure in children living near a former copper smelter. Bull Environ Contam Toxicool 1987;39:114-121.

Brink LL, Talbot EO, Sharma RK, March GM, Wu WC, Rager JR, Strosnider HM (2013). Do U.S. Ambient Air Lead Levels Have a Significant Impact on Childhood Blood Lead Levels: Result of a National Study. J. Environ and Public Health. Available at: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2013/278042/.

Caudill SP, Schleicher RL, Pirkle JL, 2008. Multi-rule quality control for the age related eye disease study. Stat. Med. 27, 4094-4106.

[CDC 2005] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Preventing Lead Exposure in Young Children, 2005. http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/prevleadpoisoning.pdf

[CDC 2009] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. The Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf

[CDC 2010] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. CDC Guidelines for the Identification and Management of Lead Exposure in Pregnant and Lactating Women, November 2010. U.S. DHHS, Atlanta, GA. http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/leadandpregnancy2010.pdf

[CDC 2012a] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lead (web page). 2012a. Update on Blood Lead Levels in Children. Last Updated October 30, 2012. Available online at: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ACCLPP/blood_lead_levels.htm

[CDC 2012b] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012b. Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention: Report of the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/final_document_010412.pdf

[CDC 2012c] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012c. CDC Response to Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Recommendations in "Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call of Primary Prevention". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, June 7, 2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ACCLPP/CDC_Response_Lead_Exposure_Recs.pdf

[CDC 2018] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fourth Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Updated Tables, (March 2018). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/

[Census Bureau 2010] U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Online. https://www.census.gov/

[DHHS 2010] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2010. Atlanta, Georgia. Guidelines for the Identification and Management of Lead Exposure in Pregnant and Lactating Women. November 2010. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

[EPA 1996] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. EPA Superfund Record of Decision: Anaconda Company Smelter. Denver: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8. EPA/ROD/R08-96/127. September 1996. https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.scs&id=0800403&doc=Y&colid=32604&region=08&type=SC

[EPA 2008] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Residential Soils Interpretation and Analysis Report; Community Soils Operable Unit, Anaconda Smelter NPL Site. 2008.

[EPA 2013] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. Record of Decision (ROD) Amendment, Community Soils Operable Unit, Anaconda Smelter National Priorities List Site. Anaconda, MT. EPA ID: MTD093291656. Community Soils Operable Unit. September 2013. https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.scs&id=0800403&doc=Y&colid=32604&region=08&type=SC

[EPA 2015] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Fifth Five-Year Review Report. Anaconda Smelter Superfund Site. Anaconda-Deer Lodge County, MT. EPA ID: MTD093291656. https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.scs&id=0800403&doc=Y&colid=32604&region=08&type=SC

Hartwell TD, Handy RW, Harris BS, Williams SR, Gehlbach SH. Heavy metal exposure in populations living around zinc and copper smelters. Arch Environ Health 1983;38(5):284-295.

Hinwood AL, Sim MR, de Klerk N, Drummer O, Gerostamoulos J, Bastone EB. Are 24-hour urine samples and creatinine adjustment required for analysis of inorganic arsenic in urine in population studies? Environ Res Section A. 88, 219–224.

Hwang Y-H, Bornschein RL, Grote J, Menrath W, Roda S. Environmental arsenic exposure of children around a former copper smelter site. Environ Res 1997;72:72-81.

Orloff K, Mistry K, Metcalf S. Biomonitoring for Environmental Exposures to Arsenic. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews. 2009. 12:7, 509-524. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10937400903358934

Appendices

Appendix A: Site Maps

A1: Figure 1. Anaconda Co. Smelter NPL Site (Montana): Site Location Map

A2: Figure 2. Anaconda Co. Smelter NPL Site (Montana): Site Features Map

Appendix B: Fact Sheet, Poster and Invitation to Participate

B1: Fact Sheet for EI

B2: Recruitment Poster

B3: Postcard Inviting Residents to Participate

Appendix C: Privacy Act Statement and Consent Forms

C1: Privacy Act Statement

C2: Adult Consent Form

C3: Parental Permission form for children younger than 18 years

C4: Assent form for children between 7 and 17 years

Appendix D: Questionnaire

Appendix E: Urine Collection Instructions

Appendix F: Health and Safety Plan

Appendix G: Data Management Plan

Appendix H: Sample Results Letters to Participants

Appendix A: Site and Demographic Map

Appendix B: Fact Sheet and Invitation to Participate

B1: Fact Sheet for EI

B2: Recruitment Poster

B3: Recruitment Postcard

Appendix B1: Fact Sheet for EI

Panel to be included on the fact sheet on the second page:

Appendix B2: Recruitment Poster

Appendix B3: Postcard Inviting Residents to Participate

Flesch-Kincaid Reading level –

Appendix C: Privacy Act Statement and Consent Forms

C1: Privacy Act Statement

C2: Adult Consent Form

C3: Parental Permission form for children younger than 18 years

C4: Assent form for children between 7 and 17 years

Appendix C1: Privacy Act Statement

PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT

FOR

Anaconda, Montana Exposure Investigation – Blood Lead and Urine Arsenic Testing

This statement provides the notice required by the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 USC § 552a(e)(3)).

Authority: The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has the authority to collect this information under the ‘‘Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980’’ (CERCLA) as amended by ‘‘Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986’’ (SARA) (42 U.S.C. 9601, 9604).

Purpose: ATSDR is conducting this assessment to study your exposure to lead and arsenic in the Anaconda community as a result of past smelter activities. ATSDR is collecting this information on you or your child/ward for:
- Adult consent, parental permission, and child assent to participate in questionnaires, and blood and urine collections.
- Sending your or your child’s/ward’s testing results back to you.

Routine Uses:
- ATSDR may disclose these records to the local health department to provide follow-up, as needed, for blood lead results.
- Other routine uses as described in Statement of Records Notice (SORN) No. 09-19-0001 - ‘‘Records of Persons Exposed or Potentially Exposed to Toxic or Hazardous Substances.” See https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-01-25/pdf/2010-33004.pdf.

Disclosure: Providing this information is voluntary. ATSDR needs this information for you or your child/ward to take part in the study. ATSDR may not include incomplete records in the data analysis. ATSDR needs up-to-date contact information to send your or your child’s/ward’s study results.

Appendix C2: Adult Consent Form

Flesch-Kincaid Reading level – 7.2

Adult Consent Form for Blood and Urine Testing

ATSDR Exposure Investigation (EI)

Anaconda, MT

Who are we?

We are from a federal public health agency, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

Who are we working with?

Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Anaconda Deer Lodge County (ADLC) Health Department
Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (MDPHHS)

Why we are doing this Exposure Investigation (EI)?

We are doing this EI to respond to community concerns about lead and arsenic in the environment and to help people find out if they are exposed
We are testing lead in blood samples and arsenic in urine samples

What are we asking you to do?

You are invited to have your blood tested for lead, and urine tested for arsenic.
There is NO COST to you for the testing.
Collect a urine sample at home and bring it to the blood collection location.
Complete a brief questionnaire with that will ask questions regarding how you may be exposed to lead and arsenic.
Allow a licensed phlebotomist to take a sample of your blood.

What is included in my participation?
There are three parts to your participation.

Urine Collection and Testing for Arsenic
- The first morning urine sample that you collected at home and froze was brought to the blood testing location.
- We will send your urine to a lab to test it for arsenic.
- The urine will not be tested for drugs, alcohol or HIV.
Answer a Short Questionnaire
- We will ask you some questions about your home and how you might be exposed to lead and arsenic.
- This should take about 20 minutes.
Blood Collection and Testing for Lead

We will collect less than 1 teaspoon (3 milliliters) from a vein in your arm.
This will take 10 minutes or less.
We will send your blood to a lab to test it for lead.
The blood will not be tested for drugs, alcohol or HIV.

What will happen to any leftover blood or urine after testing is finished?

The blood and urine will not be used for anything else.
The lab will throw out any leftover blood and urine.

When will you get the test results?

You will get your test results by mail about 12 weeks after testing.

What are the benefits of being in this EI?

You will know the levels of lead in your blood and arsenic in your urine.
If you are found to have high levels of lead or arsenic, ATSDR and ADLC will recommend you follow-up with your physician and will provide you with information that will help you reduce contact with lead and arsenic.

What are the risks of this EI?

The needle stick might hurt a little.
Some bruising may happen where the blood is taken.
You may feel a little lightheaded for a short time.
If you are pregnant there is no risk to the pregnancy from the blood collection.

How will we protect your privacy?

We will protect your privacy as much as the law allows.
- Montana law requires that we report blood lead levels to the ADLC health department if the result is greater than 5 µg/dL.
- Montana law requires that information given to the state may be made public if someone asks them for the information but your name and address will not be released.
- We will share the results with other agencies only with your permission. We will require our government partners to treat your information as private.
We will give you an identification (ID) number.
- Your ID number, not your name, will go on the tube of blood and urine sample.
- We will keep a record, under lock-and-key, of your name, address, and ID number. The information will be used by ATSDR to link the results to each person and send your blood and urine test results to you.
We will not use your name in any report we write. Only group information that does not include individual names will be reported.

When can you ask questions about the testing?

If you have any questions about this testing, you can ask us now.
If you have questions later, you can call:
- Dr. Luly Rosales-Guevara at 770-488-0744
- Dr. Matt Karwowski at 404-718-5867
- The Anaconda Exposure Investigation toll free number (888) 892-1320

Voluntary Consent

I agree to be tested.
I agree to answer questions.
I was given the chance to ask questions and I feel my questions were answered.
I know that having the test done is my choice.
I know that even though I have agreed to this testing, I may leave at any time without penalty.

Signature

I give my permission to be tested and agree to answer questions.

May we share the test results with other federal, state, and local health and environmental agencies? YES / NO (please circle one)

___________________________________ __________________ ______

Signature of Person Giving Consent Date Age

Address _____________________________ Telephone __________________

______________________________

Lab ID Number____________________

Certification of Consent Form Administrator:

I read the consent form to the person named above. He/she had the opportunity to ask questions about the Exposure Investigation and had the questions answered.

_______________________________________

Signature of person administering the consent

Appendix C3: Parental Permission Form for Children younger than 18 Years of Age

Flesch-Kincaid Reading level – 7.4

Parental Permission Form for Blood and Urine Testing

Children younger than 18 years of age

ATSDR Exposure Investigation (EI)

Anaconda, Montana

Who are we?

We are from a federal public health agency, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

Who are we working with?

Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Anaconda Deer Lodge County (ADLC) Health Department
Montana Department of Public Health and Human Service (MDPHSS)

Why we are doing this Exposure Investigation (EI)?

We are doing this EI to respond to community concerns about lead and arsenic in the environment and to help people find out if they are exposed
We are testing lead in blood samples and arsenic in urine samples

What do we want you to do?

Your child/ward is invited to have his/her blood tested for lead and urine tested for arsenic.
There is NO COST to you for the testing of your child/ward.

Collect your child’s/ward’s urine sample at home and bring it to the blood collection location.
Complete a brief questionnaire with that will ask questions regarding how your child/ward may be exposed to lead and arsenic.
Allow a licensed phlebotomist to take a sample of your child’s/ward’s blood.

What is included in my child’s/ward’s participation?

There are three parts to your participation.

Urine Collection and Testing for Arsenic
1. The first morning urine sample from your child/ward that you collected at home and froze was brought to the blood testing location.
2. We will send your child’s/ward’s urine to a lab to test it for arsenic.
3. The urine will not be tested for drugs, alcohol or HIV.
Answer a Short Questionnaire
1. We will ask you some questions about your home and how your child/ward might be exposed to lead and arsenic.
2. This should take about 20 minutes.
Blood Collection and Testing for Lead

We will collect less than 1 teaspoon (3 milliliters) from a vein in your child’s/ward’s arm.
This will take 10 minutes or less.
We will send your child’s/ward’s blood to a lab to test it for lead.
The blood will not be tested for drugs, alcohol or HIV.

What will happen to any leftover blood after testing is finished?

The blood and urine will not be used or tested for anything else.
The lab will throw out any leftover blood and urine.

When will you get the test results?

You will get your child’s/ward’s test results by mail about 12 weeks after testing.

What are the benefits of being in this EI?

You will know the levels of lead in the blood and arsenic in the urine of your child/ward.
If your child/ward is found to have high levels of lead or arsenic, ATSDR and ADLC will recommend you follow-up with your child’s/ward’s physician and will provide you with information that will help you reduce contact with lead and arsenic.

What are the risks of this EI?

The needle stick might hurt a little.
Some bruising may happen where the blood is taken.
Your child/ward may feel a little lightheaded for a short time.

How will we protect your child’s/ward’s privacy?

We will protect your child’s/ward’s privacy as much as the law allows.
- Montana law requires that we report blood lead levels to the ADLC if the result is greater than 5 µg/dL.
- Montana law requires that information given to the state may be made public if someone asks them for the information but your name and address will not be released.
- We will share the results with other agencies only with your permission. We will require our government partners to treat your information as private.
We will give your child/ward an identification (ID) number.
- Your child’s/ward’s ID number, not their name, will go on the tube of blood and urine sample.
- We will keep a record, under lock-and-key, of your child’s/ward’s name, address, and ID number. The information will be used by ATSDR to link the results to each person and send your blood and urine test results to you.
We will not use your child’s/ward’s name in any report we write. Only group information that does not include individual names will be reported.

When can you ask questions about the testing?

If you have any questions about this testing, you can ask us now.
If you have questions later, you can call:
- Dr. Luly Rosales-Guevara at 770-488-0744
- Dr. Matt Karwowski at 404-718-5867
- The Anaconda Exposure Investigation toll free number (888) 892-1320

Parental/Guardian Voluntary Permission

I agree to have my child/ward tested.
I agree to answer questions about my child/ward.
I was given the chance to ask questions on behalf of my child/ward. I feel my questions have been answered.
I know that having these tests done is my choice for my child.
I know that even though we agreed to this testing, my child/ward may leave at any time without penalty.

Regardless of the results, may we share the test result with other federal, state, and local health and environmental agencies? YES / NO (please circle one)

If the results are 5 µg/dL or greater, can we provide your information to the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU), and may they contact you for follow-up? YES / NO (please circle one)

Signature

I give permission for my child/ward to be tested and agree to answer questions about my child/ward.

______________________________________ ______ ___________

Printed name of child Age Sex of child

___________________________________ __________________

Signature of parent/guardian Date

___________________________________

Printed name of parent/guardian

Address of Child _____________________________ Telephone __________________

______________________________

Lab ID Number____________________

Certification of Permission Form Administrator:

I read the permission form to the person named above. He/she had the opportunity to ask questions about the Exposure Investigation and had the questions answered.

_______________________________________

Signature of person administering permission

Appendix C4: Assent Form for Children younger than 18 Years of Age

Flesch-Kincaid Reading level – 6.6

Assent Form for Blood and Urine Testing

Children between 7 and 17 years of age

ATSDR Exposure Investigation (EI)

Anaconda, Montana

Who are we?

We are from a federal public health agency, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

Who are we working with?

Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Anaconda Deer Lodge County (ADLC) Health Department
Montana Department of Public Health and Human Service (MDPHHS)

Why we are doing this Exposure Investigation (EI)?

We are doing this EI to respond to community concerns about lead and arsenic in the environment and to help people find out if they are exposed
We are testing lead in blood samples and arsenic in urine samples

What are we asking you to do?

You are invited to have your blood tested for lead and urine tested for arsenic.
There is NO COST to you or your parents for the testing.

Collect a urine sample at home and bring it to the blood collection location.
Complete a brief questionnaire with that will ask questions regarding how you may be exposed to lead and arsenic.
Allow a licensed phlebotomist to take a sample of your blood.

What is included in my participation?

There are three parts to your participation.

Urine Collection and Testing for Arsenic
1. The first morning urine sample that you collected at home and froze was brought to the blood testing location.
2. We will send your urine to a lab to test it for arsenic.
3. The blood will not be tested for drugs, alcohol or HIV.
Answer a Short Questionnaire

We will ask you some questions about how you might be exposed to lead and arsenic. Your parents can help you answer the questions on the form.
This should take about 20 minutes

Blood Collection and Testing for Lead

We will collect less than 1 teaspoon (3 milliliters) from a vein in your arm.
This will take 10 minutes or less.
We will send your blood to a lab to test it for lead.
The urine will not be tested for drugs, alcohol or HIV.

What will happen to any leftover blood after testing is finished?

The blood and urine will not be used or tested for anything else.
The lab will throw out any leftover blood and urine.

When will you get the test results?

Your parents will get your test results by mail about 12 weeks after testing.

What are the benefits of being in this EI?

You and your parents will know the levels of lead in your blood and arsenic in your urine.
If you are found to have high levels of lead or arsenic, ATSDR and ADLC will recommend you follow-up with your physician and will provide you with information that will help you reduce contact with lead and arsenic.

What are the risks of this EI?

The needle stick might hurt a little.
Some bruising may happen where the blood is taken.
You may feel a little lightheaded for a short time.

How will we protect your privacy?

We will protect your privacy as much as the law allows.
- Montana law requires that we report blood lead levels to the ADLC if the result is greater than 5 µg/dL.
- Montana law requires that information given to the state may be made public if someone asks them for the information but your name and address will not be released.
- We will share the results with other agencies only with your permission. We will require our government partners to treat your information as private.
We will give you an identification (ID) number.
- Your ID number, not your name, will go on the tube of blood and urine sample.
- We will keep a record, under lock-and-key, of your name, address, and ID number. The information will be used by ATSDR to link the results to each person and send your blood and urine test results to your parents.
We will not use your name in any report we write. Only group information that does not include individual names will be reported.

When can you ask questions about the testing?

If you have any questions about this testing, you can ask us now.
If you have questions later, you can call:
- Dr. Luly Rosales-Guevara at 770-488-0744
- Dr. Matt Karwowski at 404-718-5867
- The Anaconda Exposure Investigation toll free number (888) 892-1320

Child Assent

Your parent/guardian said it is all right for you to have the blood and urine tests.
Your parent/guardian said it is all right for you to answer some questions.
You don’t have to have these tests to answer questions if you don’t want to.

Voluntary Assent

I agree to be tested.
I agree to answer questions.
I was given the chance to ask questions and feel my questions were answered.
I know that having these tests done is my choice.
I know that even though I have agreed to this testing, I may leave at any time without penalty.

Signature

I agree to be tested and to answer questions.

_________________________________________ ___________ ______________

Printed name of child Age of child Sex of child

______________________________________________ __________________

Signature or written name of child in child’s handwriting Date

__________________________

Printed name of parent/guardian

Address of child ______________________________ Telephone __________________

______________________________

Lab ID Number____________________

Certification of Assent Form Administrator:

I read the assent form to the person named above. He/she had the opportunity to ask questions about the Exposure Investigation and had the questions answered.

_______________________________________

Signature of person administering the assent

Appendix D: Questionnaire

Shape2

Form Approved

OMB No. 0923-0048

Exp. Date 03/31/2019

Anaconda MT Exposure Investigation Questionnaire

Flesch-Kincaid Level – 5.4

[The interviewer will not state “don’t know” and “refused” as response options, The interviewer will mark such responses only if provided by the participant. This holds true to all questions, including ethnicity and race.]

Introduction - Hello my name is {SAY NAME}.

We are doing an Exposure Investigation for the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, or ATSDR. ATSDR is a sister agency to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As part of the investigation, we will be asking you some common questions like your name and address. We will also ask questions on your contact with lead and arsenic. We are asking these questions to better understand all the data we collect.

The questions should take about 20 minutes. After that, we will be offering free blood and urine testing for participants in this exposure investigation. Your total time in the investigation will be about 30 minutes. Once we are done with this investigation, you will be given a copy and details of the testing results for you and your children (if you have them). Generally, we are able to get results to you within 12 weeks.

Cost Recovery Number: 8018

Person Administering Questionnaire _______________________________________
Date Questionnaire Administered _________________________________________
Participant last name ___________________________________________________
Participants first name __________________________________________________
Address: _____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Mailing address if different from home address: ______________________________

______________________________________________________________

Laboratory ID ________________________________________________________

Public reporting burden of this collection of information is estimated to average 30 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to CDC/ATSDR Information Collection Review Office, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS D-74, Atlanta, Georgia 30333; ATTN: PRA (0923-0048).

Now I want to ask you questions about how I can contact you. I will also be asking how long you have lived at or visited certain places. This is needed to find out how long you may have had contact with lead and arsenic and how long it may have lasted. We will also ask your age, address, race, and about how you spend your time (e.g, child at daycare, how often they play outside, your jobs and hobbies). This is useful to help us better understand your test results.

Is the person being interviewed a minor?

Yes

No (skip to question 17)

Name of person answering questions for minor child:
Relationship to child:

Mother

Father

Grandparent

Guardian

Has your child ever had their blood tested for lead?

Yes

No (skip to question 13)

If yes, when, where and what was the result?

Does the child put their hands or toys in their mouth?

Yes

No (skip to question 21)

If yes, what and how often?

Have you noticed the child eating dirt while playing outside?

Yes

No (skip to question 23)

If yes, how often?

Demographic Questions. Script: The next questions are about qualities of the person who is being tested (you or your child/ward). This information and will help us better understand your test results.

What is your or your child/ward’s sex?

Male

Female

What is your or your child/ward’s age and date of birth?

Age

Date of Birth

Are you or your child/ward Hispanic, Latino/a, or Spanish Origin?

No, not of Hispanic, Latino/a, or Spanish origin

Yes, of Hispanic, Latino/a, or Spanish origin

What is your or your child/ward’s race? One or more categories may be selected.

American Indian or Alaska Native

Asian

Black or African American

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

White

If female between 15-44 yrs, are you pregnant? If yes in what month of pregnancy?

Don't know

Yes, 0 to 3 months

Yes, 4 to 6 months

Yes, 7 to 9 months

Do you or your child/ward spend time outside the home (e.g., work or daycare/school)?

Yes

No (skip to question 25)

If yes, how long are your or your child/ward out of the house during the day?

1 to 4 hours

5 to 8 hours

Over 8 hours

Don’t know

If you or your child/ward are out of the house during the day, how many times per week?

1-3 days per week

4 or more days per week

Don’t know

How many hours per day do you or your child/ward typically spend outdoors?

Do not spend time outdoors

Less than 2 hours per day

2 to 4 hours per day

4 to 6 hours per day

Over 6 hours per day

Don’t know

How many hours per day do you or your child/ward typically spend in your attic?

Do not spend time in the attic

Less than 2 hours per day

2 to 4 hours per day

4 to 6 hours per day

Over 6 hours per day

Don’t know

Does you or your child/ward wash hands before eating?

Always

Sometimes

Never

How long have you lived at this address?

Less than 6 months

6 months to less than 2 years

2 to 5 years

6 to 10 years

More than 10 years

How long have you lived in Anaconda, MT?

Less than 6 months

6 months to less than 2 years

2 to 5 years

6 to 10 years

More than 10 years

Do you speak a language other than English at home? (5 years or older)

Yes

No (skip to question 32)

If you speak another language in the household, do you prefer receiving followup information in another language? What is this language? (5 years old and older)

Yes, Spanish

Yes, Other __________________________

Attributes of the Structure or Home. The following questions are about the qualities and characteristics of your home.

Do you live in a(n):

Apartment

Single Family Home

Townhouse or Condominium

Mobile Home

Other

Approximately when was the building built?

2000—present

1990—1999

1980—1989

1970—1979

1960—1969

1950—1959

1940—1949

1939 or earlier

Don’t know

What is the condition of your home or building?

Good

Fair

Poor

Do the windows (e.g., sills) have peeling paint?

Yes No

Is there peeling paint in other places such as cabinets, interior walls and/or exterior walls?

Yes

Don’t know

How often do you clean your home using a wet mop?

Daily

Several times a week

Weekly

Monthly

Other

How often do you clean your home using a vacuum cleaner?

Daily

Several times a week

Weekly

Monthly

Other

Do you have an attic in your home?

Yes

No (skip to question 42)

If you have an attic in your home, how often do you enter the attic?

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Yearly

Never

Has your attic been cleaned by a professional?

Yes

If yes, when was it cleaned?

Soil Information (Tracking inside home)

Does your home have a yard with bare dirt?

Yes

Has soil in your yard been removed and replaced with clean soil?

Yes

No (skip to question 46)

If yes, when was it done?

How often do you or your child/ward remove shoes before entering your home?

Never do this

Seldom do this

Sometimes do this

Always do this

Does anyone in the home work primarily outdoors in a job with frequent soil or slag contact? (slag reprocessor, construction worker, landscaping, etc.) (if NO, skip to question 49)

Yes

Don’t know

How often do they change clothing when entering the home after work outdoors?

Never do this

Seldom do this

Sometimes do this

Always do this

Do you have a job that may bring you into contact with lead?

Mechanic

Transportation worker

Construction worker

Other

Do you have a job that may bring you into contact with arsenic?

Wood preservation

Arsenate pesticide production

Sand blaster

Other

Other Sources of Lead Exposure

Have you or your child/ward used any Mexican pottery in the past month?

Yes

Don’t know

Have you or your child/ward used any home (folk) remedies (used in Indian, Asian and Hispanic cultures) in the past month for any illnesses?

Yes

Don’t know

Have you or your child/ward eaten any Mexican candy (containing chili powder or tamarind) in the past month?

Yes

Don’t know

Do you or your child/ward own any imported toy or costume jewelry that are over 10 years old?

Yes

Don’t know

Do you or your child/ward have any hobbies that may involve exposure to lead?

Don’t know

Stained Glass

Firing Range

Leaded fishing lures

Other (list out)

Frequency of Eating Food That May Contain Arsenic

How many portions of fish and other seafood (including shrimp) did you or your child/ward eat in the past week?

None

1-2

3-4

5 or more

Don’t know

How many portions of rice (white or brown) did you or your child/ward eat in the past week?

None

1-2

3-4

5 or more

Don’t know

How many portions of chicken did you or your child/ward eat in the past week?

None

1-2

3-4

5 or more

Don’t know

Is there anything you want us to know about you or your child that we did not ask about?

Appendix E: Urine Collection Instructions

URINE COLLECTION INSTRUCTIONS

ANACONDA EXPOSURE INVESTIGATION

Please READ CAREFULLY:

Enclosed is a plastic cup and a plastic bag with an absorbent pad inside.
DO NOT take the cap off the cup until you are about to collect your urine.
We would like you to collect your first morning urine, if possible
Make sure you fill out all the items on the plastic cup label before you put your urine in the freezer.

Instructions for collecting your urine:

Wash your hands with soap and water.
Rinse and dry your hands with a clean towel.
Keep the cup closed until you are ready to collect your urine.
DO NOT TOUCH the inside of the cup or cap.
Open the cup and leave the cap turned up.
Collect your urine inside the cup.
Put the cap back on the filled container and tighten it.
Wash your hands with soap and water again.
Fill out the label on the plastic cup as follows:
- Name
- Date
- Time of urine collection
- First Morning Urine? Yes or No
- Time urine put into freezer
Put the closed cup filled with urine on the absorbent pad in the plastic bag we gave you,
SEAL the BAG,
Put the sealed plastic bag with the filled urine cup in the FREEZER.
Bring the CUP of FROZEN URINE in the sealed plastic bag to your scheduled blood draw appointment.

Thanks!

Appendix F: Health and Safety Plan

Anaconda Site Health and Safety Plan

Blood Lead Levels and Urine Arsenic Levels in Anaconda, MT

Anaconda, MT

Principle Investigator

Karen Scruton, MS

Division of Community Health Investigations (DCHI)

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

Atlanta, GA

Introduction

This Site Health and Safety Plan (SHSP) defines applicability and responsibility regarding compliance with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Health and Safety Program for Hazardous Substance Field Activities.

This SHSP defines site requirements and protocol applicable during all activities. It extends to all ATSDR employees, ATSDR contractors, and site visitors invited by ATSDR.

Site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, or safety hazards of the operation must be communicated to all personnel. Noncompliance with site safety procedures will not be tolerated. Personnel not observing safety procedures could be suspended from participation in site activities.

Development of this plan included consideration of current safety standards and recommendations as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), health effects and standards for known contaminants, and procedures designed to account for potential exposure to unknown substances.

Personnel Training Requirements

All site personnel will be trained in accordance with the requirements contained in the CDC/ATSDR Mandatory Training Requirements. At a minimum, all personnel will be trained to recognize on-site hazards, the provisions of this SHSP, and identification of responsible personnel.

All personnel are required to complete the following training courses:

Blood Borne Pathogen Training
Safety Survival Skills Part 1 - General Responsibilities
HAZWOPER (current 8-hour refresher)
Human Research Protections Training
First aid/CPR/Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Training

If you need one or more of those trainings, please go to: http://intranet.cdc.gov/od/hcrmo/CDCU/mandatorytraining.shtml

Personal Protective Equipment

Anyone working in the area must be fully aware of and protected against potential hazards. The purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE) is to shield or isolate individuals from chemical, physical, and biological hazards that could be encountered at the site.

Personnel working with blood are required to wear Level D PPE to include closed toed shoes, long pants, and gloves. Eye protection and respirators are not required. Gloves should be changed in between handling each participant’s sample. Blood collection materials should be placed in appropriate biohazard containers.

Emergency Procedures

On-site personnel will use the following standard emergency procedures. Notify the principle investigator of any on-site emergencies. The principle investigator is responsible for ensuring that appropriate emergency procedures are followed.

In the event that participants feel lightheaded or faint during the blood draw, ATSDR’s onsite Medical Officer (Dr. Lourdes Rosales-Guevara) and the phlebotomist are trained to provide assistance and will ensure the participant has recovered prior to leaving the blood collection location.

Personal Injury

When an injury occurs the principle investigator will assess its nature. A qualified first aid provider should initiate appropriate first aid and continue appropriate emergency medical services. If necessary, injured personnel will be transported to the hospital listed below.

Community Hospital of Anaconda

401 W Pennsylvania Ave

Anaconda, MT 59711

Hospital Phone: (406) 563-8500

Fire or Explosion

If a fire or explosion occurs on site, the emergency will be announced and all personnel will leave the area through emergency exits (unless directed otherwise). The fire department shall be contacted (911), and all personnel shall be moved a safe distance from the involved area. If it is safe to do so, site personnel can take the following actions:

Use on site fire-fighting equipment to control or extinguish the fire; and
Remove or isolate flammable or other hazardous materials that could contribute to the fire.

Natural Hazards

The principle investigator has responsibility for safety of ATSDR personnel if natural hazards (e.g., thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, etc.) occur. The principle investigator will inform personnel of current and impending weather conditions.

Equipment Failure

If any site worker experiences a protective equipment failure or alteration that affects the protection factor, that person shall immediately wash hands as needed and replace the failed equipment.

If any other on-site equipment fails to operate properly, the principle investigator shall be notified and will then determine the effect of this failure on continuing operations at the site.

Appendix G: Data Management Plan

NCEH/ATSDR Data Management Plan Form

This plan describes the anticipated use and release by CDC of the dataset named below. All CDC DMPs are required to be in compliance with the CDC/ATSDR Policy on Releasing and Sharing data, available at http://isp-v-maso-apps.cdc.gov/Policy/Doc/policy385.pdf. This plan is modifiable and does not represent a legal contract between CDC and any other entity. The elements included do not necessarily constitute an exhaustive list of all possible elements for a DMP, so users should add elements as needed.

The DMP is submitted through eClearance for review and approval. Use “TBD” if you cannot determine some of this information at the time of submission. Elements with an asterisk (*) are required data fields for metadata.

Table 1 – Core DMP Elements (should be filled out when project approval is sought)

Label (Definition)

*Title: Blood Lead Levels and Urine Arsenic Levels in Anaconda, MT, Anaconda Smelter NPL site, Deer Lodge County, Montana: Exposure Investigation.

*Description

(Human-readable description with sufficient detail to enable a user to quickly understand whether the project or data set is of interest. Short clear description is ideal.)

This exposure investigation (EI) will sample up to 200 persons to evaluate lead and arsenic exposure in the Anaconda area. Given community concern, all residents of the Anaconda area are eligible to participate. The participants will be sampled during the fall of 2018. This EI will be a collaboration between ATSDR headquarters, ATSDR Region 8, EPA Region 8, the Anaconda Deer Lodge County (ADLC) health department and the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (MDPHHS).

*Last DMP Update:

July 19, 2018

Contact Name and Email

CDC PI or POC Name (last, first): Scruton, Karen

CDC PI or POC e-mail address: isg3@cdc.gov

CDC PI or POC phone number: 770-488-1325

Organization

ATSDR/DCHI/SSB

*Unique Identifier

(A unique identifier for the project as maintained within an Agency catalog or database. For intramural submissions, protocol/S3P number can be used. For extramural submissions, grant/Co Ag/contract number can be used to map to related documents.)

8018

Public Access Level

(The degree to which the data collected as part of this project could be made publicly available, regardless of whether it has been made available.)

□ Public release

(Data set can be made available without restrictions; data steward no longer controls data.)

□ Release by request

(Data set is available to members of the public by request only; data steward no longer controls data.)

X Restricted use data sharing

(Data set is available to particular parties under certain use restrictions; data not always under CDC custody.)

□ Restricted access data sharing

(Data set is only available in an RDC; data need to remain under CDC custody.)

□ Summary data or data tables only

(Underlying data set cannot be released or shared, but summary data or data tables can.)

□ No release or data sharing

Access Rights/Restrictions

(Include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies of the owner of the data. Include an explanation for the selected “Public Access Level” above.)

Venous blood lead and urine arsenic data will be available as aggregated data without identifiers in the ATSDR Exposure Investigation Report.

License/Other Agreements

(The license or non-license [i.e. Public Domain] status with which the data set will be published. See Open Licenses for more information. May include DTA, MTA, IAA, MOU or other agreements concerning data use and access.)

None

*Publisher/Owner

(The publishing entity and optionally their parent organization(s). This could be the “owner” of the data.)

ATSDR/DCHI/SSB

Access URL, If Known

(URL providing indirect access to the DMP, data set, data dictionary [variable names and valid values], data collection instrument and other relevant information, including the research protocol if possible.)

None

Download URL, If Known

(URL providing direct access to a downloadable file of the data set, summary data, or data tables.)

Not applicable.

Spatial

(The range of spatial applicability of a data set. Could include a geographic region or a named place [city, county, state, region, country].)

Anaconda, Montana

Temporal

(The range of temporal applicability of project [i.e., a start and end year of applicability for the data]. Include the years for the project or data set.)

September 2018 to September 2019

Table 2 – Additional DMP Elements (should be filled out where possible when project approval is sought; however, many fields can only be filled out later when publication/report is cleared)

Label (Definition)

*Tags

(Keywords to help users discover the data set; include terms that would be used by technical and non-technical users.)

Exposure Investigation

Blood Lead Levels

Urine Arsenic Levels

Anaconda Smelter NPL site

Anaconda, MT

Project Type

(Multiple selections may apply.)

X Intramural

□ Extramural (grant, cooperative agreement, contract, IAA, CDC Foundation, other)

Specify mechanism:

□ Surveillance

□ Research

□ Ongoing collection

□ Other

Project Status

Estimated start date (Fall 2018):

Estimated date of release (Fall 2019):

Data Category

(For explanation of D1 to D10 codes, see Table on page 1)

X D1 □ D2 □ D3

□ D4 □ D5 □ D6 □ D7

□ D8 □ D9 □ D10

Population Represented

(e.g., “residents of x,” “inpatients at x,” “users of product x”)

Residents from the City of Anaconda, MT are invited to participate.

Data Collection Protocol

(Brief description with reference to document or website that provides detailed information.)

Data collection is described in the Blood Lead and Urine Arsenic Levels in Anaconda, Montana EI Protocol.

Given community concern, all residents of Anaconda are invited to participate. Participants will be recruited and tested in Fall 2018.

Data Management Protocol

(Brief description with reference to system/sources where data will be housed (internal SQL database, external SQL database, etc.) and to data formats (proprietary vs. open source data formats.)

Data will be housed within the ATSDR/DCHI Exposure Investigation Database that contains metadata about the EI process, contaminants, locations of the protocol and the raw data and no PII. The consent forms and questionnaires will be housed in a secured ATSDR server and hard copies will be kept in a locked cabinet at ATSDR.

Process for Omitting Identifying Information

(Description of what identifiers are in the database, how they will be removed, and by whom.)

Identifiers (names and addresses) will be flagged and housed in special subdirectory by the Database manager and will not be released unless directed by the CDC Office of General Counsel.

Data Quality Protocol (to address issues of confidentiality protection and statistical stability)

(Brief description with reference to document or website that provides detailed information. Describe methods for data validation and error resolution, removal or shielding of any proprietary information, removal or shielding of sensitive information [i.e. data with dual use applicability], removal or shielding of any individually identifying information including indirect identification.)

The Blood Lead and Urine Arsenic Levels in Anaconda, MT EI protocol describes the Data Quality Objectives.

ATSDR will share blood lead and urine arsenic testing results with state and Federal partners provided that consent is obtained and the government partner signs a CDC/ATSDR data sharing agreement.

Data Retention/Disposal Plan

(State when and how the dataset will be archived or destroyed [in accordance with CDC/ATSDR Records Control Schedule: http://isp-v-maso-apps/RecSched/images/RCS.pdf ].)

EI data are considered as a component of the ATSDR “Site Files” (Section 3.6, page 64).

These files are maintained in the Records and Information Management Branch. Transfer to an FRC 5 years after publication of final health assessment, consultation, or advisory report. Destroy when 30 years old.

Data Analysis Plan

(Brief description of planned use of the data. Can include reference to document [e.g. Information Collection Request, Research Protocol, or other] that provides more detailed information.)

The data will be used to determine whether the concentrations of lead and arsenic in soil in Anaconda may result in elevated blood lead and urine arsenic levels in the Anaconda community. The blood lead and urine arsenic results will be used to determine if a public health risk exists in Anaconda.

Publication Plan

(Brief description of planned CDC-authored and CDC-coauthored publications, including topic, type of publication, and estimated timeline.)

ATSDR will use the data to publish an ATSDR Exposure Investigation Report

Access URL

Not applicable

Download URL

(URL providing direct access to a downloadable file of the data set, summary data, or data tables.)

Not applicable

Data Set Name

To be determined

Data Release Documentation

(List documents provided to users, e.g. variable definitions, codebook, metadata file, guidance on data use.)

To be determined

Data Release Format

(Specify dataset formats, e.g., Excel, SAS, ASCII, etc.; interactive data query website; mixed mode. Also specify data dictionary file format, e.g., JSON, RDF, SAS.)

Excel will be used to store the blood lead and urine arsenic level data for the EI

Data Release Notification

(State how potential users will be informed of dataset availability.)

ATSDR will include a notice in the final Blood Lead and Urine Arsenic Levels in Anaconda, MT Exposure Investigation Report.

Date Form Completed: 07/19/2018 By: Karen Scruton, MS

Name, Title

Date Form Last Revised: _________________ By: _________________________________

Appendix H: Template for Results Letters to Participants

Appendix H: Example Results Letter to the Participant (Adult or Parent of Child)

Note: The format and content of this example letter could change depending on the results of the EI. Final letters will also go through CDC/ATSDR clearance.

(Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: grade XX)

(ATSDR Letterhead)

DATE ________________

Name XXXXX

Address XXXX

Dear ____________

Thank you for participating in (or allowing your child/ward, _______________, to take part in) the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Exposure Investigation in Anaconda, Montana. The goal of the Exposure Investigation is to determine whether people living in Anaconda, MT are being exposed to lead and arsenic.

This letter contains the results of your (your child’s/ward’s) blood lead and urine arsenic tests. ATSDR collected a blood and urine sample from you/your child/ward for testing on [Month Day, Year].

Test results of your (your child’s/ward’s) samples are shown in the enclosed Table 1.

Lead in Blood:

if BLL is <5 µg/dL:

Your (your child’s/ward’s) blood lead level was below the reference level for blood lead. Although there is no safe level of blood lead, the results indicate that your (your child’s/ward’s) blood lead level is similar to most other people’s results in the United States. Therefore, no additional action with regard to lead is needed based on these results.

if BLL is ≥5 µg/dL

Your (your child’s/ward’s) blood lead level was equal to or above the reference level for blood lead. As a result, the Anaconda Deer Lodge County (ADLC) health department will contact you to help identify the possible source of exposure. ADLC is also available to speak with you about ways to reduce your exposure to lead. You can contact ADLC at XXX-XXX-XXXX. The exposure could be coming from various sources including hobbies, contaminated soil and dust, or lead-based paint.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sets a reference level for blood lead for children under the age of 6 years. The current CDC reference level is 5 microgram of lead per deciliter of blood (µg/dL). Because lead can pass from a mother to her unborn baby, ATSDR uses this child blood lead reference level for pregnant women. For this Exposure Investigation, the level of 5 µg/dL is used for all age groups and pregnancy status.

Although there is no known safe exposure level for lead, blood lead levels above the reference level do not mean that you or your child will develop health effects. Health effects depend on the blood lead level, length of exposure, age and present health status. Potential health effects for pregnant women include increased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight or premature birth. Potential health effects for baby from lead exposure can include: learning problems such as speech and language delay; problems with attention; decreased intelligence quotient (IQ); anemia (fewer red blood cells than normal).

Your health care provider should retest your blood lead level as soon as possible.

Arsenic in Urine:

Total arsenic is measured by adding two different types of arsenic together: organic and inorganic.

Organic arsenic, often found in fish and seafood, is not typically associated with health concerns. Organic arsenic can be increased in urine when a person eats fish or seafood a few days before the urine is collected for testing

Inorganic arsenic, found in many places in the environment including soil and water, is known to be associated with health concerns when elevated.

ATSDR uses total arsenic levels as a first step in measuring a person’s exposure. If total arsenic is above the investigation follow-up level, we look to see what form of arsenic is in the sample: organic and inorganic forms. If a person’s organic arsenic measurement is above the follow-up level, it is usually the result of a recent meal that included food that may contain arsenic. If a person’s inorganic arsenic measurement is above the follow-up level, it means that person may consider ways to lower their exposure to arsenic or may see a healthcare provider if they are concerned about how arsenic may cause health problems.

If total arsenic was below the NHANES:

Your (your child’s/ward’s) levels were below the reference level for total arsenic. This indicates that your (your child’s/ward’s) results are similar to most other people’s results in the United States. Therefore, no additional action is needed.

If total arsenic was above the NHANES:

Your (your child’s/ward’s) total arsenic level(s) was above the exposure investigation follow-up level. Because the level of total urine arsenic was above the follow-up level we looked at the additional test to determine the levels of organic and inorganic arsenic present in your (your child’s/ward’s) urine sample.

Inorganic arsenic:

The inorganic arsenic detected in your (your child’s/ward’s) urine samples was below the level that is representative of inorganic arsenic in the U.S. population, indicating that the elevated total arsenic level is not the result of inorganic arsenic and is probably the result of organic arsenic in your (your child’s/ward’s) diet.

The inorganic arsenic detected in your (your child’s/ward’s) urine samples was above the level that is representative of inorganic arsenic in the U.S. population. This means that the increased total arsenic level in your (your child’s/ward’s) urine is the result of inorganic arsenic, which may cause health effects. It is recommended that people with higher inorganic arsenic levels may evaluate ways to reduce arsenic exposure and may consider seeing a physician if you are concerned about potential effects of arsenic on your (your child’s/ward’s) health.

Organic arsenic:

Organic arsenic in your (your child’s/ward’s) was below the level that is representative of organic arsenic in the U.S. population, indicating the elevated total arsenic level is not the result of organic arsenic and is likely the result of inorganic arsenic.

Organic arsenic in your (your child’s/ward’s) was above the level that is representative of organic arsenic in the U.S. population. This means the increased total arsenic level in your (your child’s/ward’s) urine may contain organic arsenic, and suggests that your (your child’s/ward’s) diet likely contributed to the elevated level.

If you have questions concerning this Exposure Investigation or your (your child’s/ward’s) test results, please contact me at 888-320-5291or by email at LRosalesGuevera@cdc.gov.

Sincerely,

Lourdes Rosales-Guevara, MD

Medical Officer – Anaconda MT Exposure Investigation

ATSDR Division of Community Health Investigations, Exposure Investigation Team

Table 1: Test Results for Firstname Lastname
Test	Test Result	Follow-Up Level
Blood Lead	XXX µg/mL	5 µg/dL¹
Total Urine Arsenic	XXX µg/g of creatinine	XX²
Inorganic Arsenic	XX	XX
Organic Arsenic	XX	XX
¹The reference value for Blood Lead is taken from the CDC Response to Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention [CDC 2012]. ² The total urine arsenic reference value is the lowest 95^th percentile total urine arsenic value reported for the appropriate age group in the 2013-2014 CDC National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results are reported in micrograms per gram of creatinine (µg/g) [CDC 2018]. Creatinine testing is a standard method used to measure the amount of arsenic present in urine samples.

References:

[CDC 2012] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. CDC Response to Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Recommendations in "Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call of Primary Prevention". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, June 7, 2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ACCLPP/CDC_Response_Lead_Exposure_Recs.pdf

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Anaconda MT EI Protocol

Att9 Anaconda EI Protocol FINAL 20180831.docx

ATSDR Exposure Investigations (EIs)