AppendixP_QuantitativeDataShells

Appendix P: Quantitative Data Shells

	Cases		Controls
Characteristic	N	%	N	%	p-value
Age
25-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60+
Race
Black
White
Other
Hispanic Origin
Yes
No
Education
Did not complete high school
High school diploma or GED
Some college
Bachelor’s degree
Master’s/doctorate/professional degree
Sexual Identity
Bisexual
Gay/Homosexual
Queer
Relationship Status
Single
Married to a man
In relationship with a man
Health Status
Excellent
Very good
Good
Fair
Poor
Number of text messages send per day
< 1
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
40+
Don’t know
Number of text messages send per day
< 1
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
40+
Don’t know
Use cell phone for e-mails
Use cell phone for internet

Table X. Number of Texts Sent and Received (Cases Only)

	Number of Texts
Texts Sent by RTI
Successfully sent
Failed
Total sent
Texts Received by RTI
Process responses
Adherence responses
Acknowledgments
Other responses
Requests to stop receiving messages
Total

Table X. Mean Number of Texts Sent to Respondents by Month of Participation in the Study (Cases Only)

Month	Mean (SD)
1
2
2
4
5
6
7
8

Table X. Percentage of Respondents Indicating Agree or Strongly Agree with Statements Regarding the Text Messages: 9 Months Survey (Cases Only)

Item	N	%
Overall, I liked the text messages
I learned something new from the text messages
The text messages were easy to understand
I was interested in the message topics
I trusted the information in the messages
The text messages were convincing
The messages said something important to me
The messages grabbed my attention
The messages told me something I didn't already know
The messages were confusing
I did not like the messages
The messages were persuasive
The messages were very appealing to me
I felt like the messages were designed for me
The messages promoted behaviors that are difficult for me to do
The messages motivated me to change my behavior
The messages would motivate people living with HIV to act in ways that would prevent giving HIV to others
The messages contradicted what I know about HIV prevention
The messages helped me to remember to take my HIV medication
The messages motivated me to be involved in my health care
I learned about services or resources available to me from the messages
The messages gave me good advice

Table X. Percentage of Respondents Reporting Positive and Negative Adjectives about the Text Messages: 9 Months Survey (Cases Only)

Adjective	Selecting the Adjective
	N	%
Accurate
Annoying
Believable
Complex
Effective
Embarassing
Clever
Clear
Condescending
Dishonest
Familiar
Farfetched
Creative
Inappropriate
Informative
Interesting
Irritating
Offensive
Original
Pointless
Realistic
Silly
Stigmatizing
Worth Remembering

Table X. Mean Ratings by Type of Message: 9 Months Survey (Cases Only)

Type of Message	Mean	SD
Appointment reminders
Medication reminders
General health and wellness
Preventing risky sexual behaviors
Preventing or reducing alcohol/drug use
Social support
Smoking cessation
Being actively involved in my health care

Note: Rating scale ranges from 1 to 10.

Table X. Percentage of Respondents Reporting Reading and/or Using Information from the Text Messages: 9 Months Survey (Cases Only)

Item	Always	Usually	Sometimes	Never
How often did you read the text messages you received from the study?
How often did you use the information that was in the messages?

Table X. Percentage of Respondents by Perceptions of the Text Messages:

9 Months Survey (Cases Only)

Item	Very	Somewhat	A little	Not at all
How concerned were you that people could see the text messages you got from the study?
How helpful were the text messages that you received?
How satisfied were you with the messages you received?
How important is it to have programs like this one where people can receive information from their health care providers through text messages?

Table X. Mean Ratings of Message Frequency, Timing, and Content:

9 Months Survey (Cases Only)

Type of Message	Mean	SD
The number of messages you received
The timing of the messages you received
The content of the messages you received

Note: Response options range from 0 to 10.

Table X. Sexual Behaviors

Variable	Cases			Controls
	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	p	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	p
Number of people had sex with in past 3 months
0
1
2-5
6+
Number of times had sex in past 3 months
0
1-5
6-10
11+
Had sex without a condom in the past 3 months
Used alcohol or drugs before or during sex in past 3 months
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Most of the time/Every time

Table X. Smoking

	Cases			Controls
Variable	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	p	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	p
All Participants
Smoke cigarettes
Seriously considering stopping smoking in next 3 months (smokers only)

Table X. Substance Use

Variable	Cases			Controls
	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	P	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	P
Had an alcoholic drink in past 3 months
Never
Once a month
2-3 times a month
Once a week or more
Binge drank (5+ drinks within couple of hours) in past 3 months
Had 5 or more alcoholic drinks within a couple of hours in past 3 months
Never
Once a month
2-3 times a month
Once a week or more
Used any recreational drugs in past 3 months
Have used the following drugs in past 3 months
Marijuana
Cocaine
Heroin
Methamphetamine
MDMA
GHB
Ketamine

Table X. Medication Adherence*

Variable	Cases			Controls
	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	p	Baseline N (%)	9 Months N (%)	p
Number of days in past 7 days missed a dose of medication…mean (SD)
Reasons for missing medications
Away from home
Busy with other things
Simply forgot
Too many pills to take
Wanted to avoid side effects
Did not want others to notice you taking medication
Change in daily routine
Felt like drug was toxic/harmful
Fell asleep/slept through dose time
Felt sick or ill
Felt depressed/overwhelmed
Problem taking pills at specified times
Ran out of pills
Felt good
Drunk or high

* Includes only participants who reported taking medications for HIV

Table X. Social Support

Variable	Cases			Controls
	Baseline Mean (SD)	9 Months Mean (SD)	p	Baseline Mean (SD)	9 Months Mean (SD)	p
Social Support Score
Someone you can count on to listen to you when you need to talk
Someone to give you information to help you understand a situation
Someone to give you good advice about a crisis or personal problem
Someone who understands your problems
Tangible support like money or food
Someone to take care of you if you were sick
Someone who shows you love and affection
Someone to have a good time with
Someone to get together with for relaxation

Table X. HIV Knowledge

Variable	Baseline N (%) correct	9 Months N (%) correct	p	Baseline N (%) correct	9 Months N (%) correct	p
All Participants
Knowledge Score…mean (SD)
Certain oral health problems, such as oral candidiasis and herpes simplex, are common in people with HIV/AIDS
If a person does not take their HIV medications at the right time of the day, they can become resistant to their HIV medications
HIV is cured when someone’s HIV viral load is “undetectable”
If someone’s viral load is “undetectable,” they don’t need to use condoms during sex
Eating a high-fat diet help people with HIV/AIDS digest their medications
People who have HIV can get re-infected with a drug resistant type of HIV
Exercise is always unsafe for people with HIV/AIDS
Recreational drugs can make a person’s HIV medications less effective
It is best for a person to stop taking their HIV medications as soon as they feel better
Taking HIV medications regularly protects people from getting common illness, such as food poisoning
After a few months, it becomes less important for people to take their HIV medications at the right time of day
If someone’s viral load is “undetectable,” they don’t need to use condoms during sex
People who have HIV can get re-infected with a drug resistant type of HIV
Recreational drugs can make a person’s HIV medications less effective

Table X. Self-Efficacy

Variable	Cases			Controls
	Baseline Mean (SD)	9 Months Mean (SD)	p	Baseline Mean (SD)	9 Months Mean (SD)	p
Self-Efficacy Score
I am confident that I can refuse to have sex if my partner doesn’t want to use a condom
I am confident that I can protect myself from STDs
I am confident that I can protect myself from getting infected with another strain of HIV
I am confident that I can protect my partners from getting HIV from me
I am confident that I can use condoms consistently with my sex partners

Note: Response options range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Table X. HIV Stigma

Variable	Cases			Controls
	Baseline Mean (SD)	9 Months Mean (SD)	p	Baseline Mean (SD)	9 Months Mean (SD)	p
In many areas of my life, no one knows that I have HIV
Since learning I have HIV, I feel set apart and isolated from the rest of the world
Most people with HIV are rejected when others find out
Since learning I have HIV, I worry about people discriminating against me
I never feel the need to hide the fact that I have HIV
I have been hurt by how people reacted to learning I have HIV
I regret having told some people that I have HIV

Note: Response options range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Table X. HIV Attitudes and Beliefs

Item/Scale	Cases			Controls
	Baseline	9 Months	p	Baseline	9 Months	p
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
It is important to tell your sex partners that you have HIV.
It is important to keep learning about HIV, its treatment, and new developments in HIV research.
Drug or alcohol use can increase the risk for passing HIV to others because people are more likely to do risky behaviors when they are drunk or high.
Being in a relationship with another HIV positive person can lead to a closer, more understanding relationship.
Monogamy is an effective prevention strategy.
It is important for my health to keep my doctor’s appointments.
If both sexual partners are HIV positive, they don’t need to use condoms during sex.

Note: Response options range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Table X. Confidence in Following Treatment Plan: All Participants

Item/Scale	Cases			Controls
	Baseline	9 Months	p	Baseline	9 Months	p
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Follow the instructions correctly for a large number and variety of prescription medications?
Take your medications as they are prescribed?
Work with your provider to reach agreement on the best medication for you overall?
Discuss openly with your provider any problems that may be related to your medications?
Stick to your treatment plan even when side effects begin to interfere with daily activities?
Integrate your treatment plan into your daily routine?
Stick to your treatment plan even when your daily routine is disrupted?
Stick to your treatment plan when you aren’t feeling well?
Continue with your treatment plan even when you are feeling discouraged about your health?

Note: Response options range from 0 to 10.

Table X. Patient Involvement and Quality of Care: All Participants

Item/Scale	Cases			Controls
	Baseline	9 Months	p	Baseline	9 Months	p
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
My providers made sure I understood what my lab test results (such as CD4 and viral load) meant for my health.
My providers spent enough time with me.
I asked my providers all of the questions I had about my HIV care.
I felt comfortable talking about personal or intimate issues with my providers.
I was involved in making decisions about my health care with my providers.
67f. When I asked my providers questions about my HIV care, I understood their answers.
I found my providers to be accepting and non-judgmental of my life and health care choices.
I would rate my providers’ knowledge of the newest developments in HIV medical standards as…
I would rate the quality of care at this clinic in comparison to other clinics I know about as:

Note: Response options range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Table X. Health Care Provider Communication: All Participants

	Cases			Controls
Item/Scale	Baseline	9 Months	p	Baseline	9 Months	p
	N (%)	N (%)		N (%)	N (%)
My providers explained the side effects of HIV medications in a way I could understand
My providers suggested ways to help me remember to take my HIV medications
My providers explained to me what kinds of medical tests I should be getting and how often I should get them
My providers talked to me about how to avoid passing HIV to other people and how to protect myself from getting infected again with HIV
My providers talked to me about how to protect myself from getting STDs or how to avoid passing them on to others if I already had one
My providers or case managers asked me how I was feeling emotionally and made a referral to a mental health provider, counselor, or support group if I needed help
My provider asked me about my drug and alcohol use and made a referral if I needed help

Table X. Quality of Life: All Participants

	Cases			Controls
Item/Scale	Baseline	9 Months	p	Baseline	9 Months	p
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
During the past 3 months, how much of the time has your physical health interfered with your social activities (like visiting with friends, relatives, etc.)?
During the past 3 months, how much of the time have your emotional problems interfered with your social activities (like visiting with friends, relatives, etc.)?
During the past 3 months, how much of the time have you experienced difficult sleeping, poor appetite, or excessive worrying?

Note: Response options range from 1 (all of the time) to 5 (none of the time). Higher values indicate better quality of life.

Table X. Clinical Data: All Participants

	Cases			Controls
Item/Scale	Baseline	9 Months	p	Baseline	9 Months	p
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
CD4
Viral Load

Note: Viral load values were log transformed before conducting statistical test to account for a skewed distribution. Mean values are presented in original units here for easier interpretation.